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From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?

Yıl 2024, Erken Görünüm, 1 - 16
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1601888

Öz

The European Union (EU) has been promoting its norms, values, and rules for decades. However, in the current international environment, the EU’s normative power is not being received well outside the EU, particularly in reference to the growing power of illiberal states. Within that context, this study explores EU-China relations across time and unpacks the position of normative power Europe towards China and the Chinese response. The study foregrounds the fruitless attempts of the EU to project its transformative power onto China and the growing resistance by China against this, which it expresses by presenting itself to the West as an alternative power with an alternative understanding of international politics.

Kaynakça

  • Berkofsky, Axel. 2019. China and the EU: “Strategic Partners” No More. Institute for Security & Development Policy. Issue Brief, December 4.
  • Cameron, Fraser. 2009. The Development of EU-China Relations. European Studies 27: 47-64.
  • Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2018. China’s Policy Paper on the EU, December.
  • Chou, Mark. 2015. Projections of China’s Normative Soft Power. Australian Journal of International Affairs 69, 1: 104-114.
  • Christiansen, Thomas Emil Kircher and Uwe Wissenbach. 2019. The European Union and China. London, Red Globe Press.
  • Crookes, Paul Irwin. 2013. Resetting EU-China Relations from a Values-based to an Interest-based Engagement. International Politics 50, 5: 639-663.
  • European Commission. 2016. Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council. JOIN (2016) 30 final, European Commission, Brussels.
  • European Commission. 2019. Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council EU-China - A Strategic Outlook. JOIN (2019) 5 final, European Commission, Brussels.
  • Euronews. 2021. EU Agrees First Sanctions on China in More than 30 Years. March 22. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2021/03/22/eu-foreign-ministers-to-discuss-sanctions-on-china-and-myanmar (accessed March 11, 2024).
  • Forsberg, Tuomas. 2011. Normative Power Europe, Once Again: A Conceptual Analysis of an Ideal Type. Journal of Common Market Studies 49, 6: 1183-1204.
  • Frater, James, and Zamira Rahim. 2020. EU Parliament condemns China over Uyghur ‘Exploitation’. CNN World, December 17. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/17/europe/eu-parliament-china-uyghurs-intl/index.html (accessed March 10, 2024).
  • Geeraerts, Gustaaf. 2019. The EU-China Partnership: Balancing between Divergence and Convergence. Asia Europe Journal 17: 281-294.
  • Geeraerts, Gustaaf. 2016. “China, the EU, and Global Governance in Human Rights”. In China, the European Union, and the International Politics of Global Governance, ed. Wang, Jianwei and Weiqing Song. Palgrave Macmillan: 233-249.
  • Hackler, Matthias. 2020. Rapprochement Amid Readjustment: How China Sees Issues and Trends in Its Changing Relationship with the EU. Asia Europe Journal 18: 1-8.
  • Hoang, Ha Hai. 2016. Normative Power Europe through Trade: Vietnamese Perceptions. International Relations 30, 2: 176-205.
  • Holslag, Jonathan. 2011. The Elusive Axis: Assessing the EU-China Strategic Partnership. Journal of Common Market Studies 49, 2: 293-313.
  • Holzer, Constantin. 2020. “Identity Narratives in China and the EU’s Economic Diplomacy: Comparing the BRI and the EU Connectivity Strategy for Asia”. In Chinese National Identity in the Age of Globalisation, ed. Lu Zhouxiang. Palgrave Macmillan: 183-202.
  • Huotari, Mikko., Michael Otero-Iglesias, John Seaman and Alice Ekman. 2015. Mapping Europe-China Relations A Bottom-up Approach. Report, European Think-tank Network on China (ETNC), October.
  • Kavalski, Emilian. 2013. The Struggle for Recognition of Normative Powers: Normative Power Europe and Normative Power China in Context. Cooperation and Conflict 48, 2: 247-267.
  • Kavalski, Emilian and Young Chul Cho. 2018. Worlding the Study of Normative Power: Assessing European and Chinese Definitions of the “Normal”. Uluslararası İlişkiler 15, 57: 49-65.
  • Li, Mingjiang. 2016. “China-EU Relations: Rivalry Impedes Strategic Partnership”. In China, the European Union and the International Politics of Global Governance, ed. Wang, Jianwei and Weiqing Song. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan: 13-27.
  • Li, Jingkun., Chen Zhao, Lei Zhang, Hui Cao and Haiyang Zhang. 2017. “China-EU Political Relations”. In China-EU Relations Reassessing the China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, ed. Hong Zhou. Singapore, Springer: 35-67.
  • Maher, Richard. 2016. The Elusive EU-China Strategic Partnership. International Affairs 92, 4: 959-976.
  • Maizland, Lindsay. 2022. China’s Repression of Uyghurs in Xinjiang. Council on Foreign Relations, September 22. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-xinjiang-uyghurs-muslims-repression-genocide-human-rights (accessed March 10, 2024).
  • Manners, Ian. 2002. Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms? Journal of Common Market Studies 40, 2: 235-258.
  • Mattlin, Mikael. 2012. Dead on Arrival: Normative Policy towards China. Asia Europe Journal 10: 181-198.
  • Men, Jing. 2011. Between Human Rights and Sovereignty – An Examination of EU-China Political Relations. European Law Journal 17, 4: 534-550.
  • Mergenthaler, Stephan. 2015. Managing Global Challenges: The European Union, China and EU Network Diplomacy. Berlin, Springer VS.
  • Michalski, Anna and Niklas Nilsson. 2018. Resistant to Change? The EU as a Normative Power and Its Troubled Relations with Russia and China. Foreign Policy Analysis 15, 3: 1-18.
  • Michalski, Anna and Zhongki Pan. 2017. Role Dynamics in a Structured Relationship: The EU-China Strategic Partnership. Journal of Common Market Studies 55, 3: 611-627.
  • Michalski, Anna and Zhongki Pan. 2017. Unlikely Partners? China, the European Union and the Forging of a Strategic Partnership. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Rees, Nicholas. 2009. EU-China Relations: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. European Studies 27: 31-46.
  • Schimmelfennig, Frank and Ulrich Sedelmeier. 2005. The Europeanisation of Central and Eastern Europe. Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press.
  • Succimarra, Guiseppe. 2021. EU sanctions China for Human Rights Abuses in Xinjiang. Human Rights Pulse, April 15. https://www.humanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/eu-sanctions-china-for-human-rights-abuses-in-xinjiang (accessed March 11, 2024).
  • Taylor, Max Roger. 2022. Inside the EU-China Human Rights Dialogue: Assessing the Practical Delivery of the EU’s Normative Power in a Hostile Environment. Journal of European Integration 44, 3: 365-380.
  • Wong, Reuben. 2013. China’s Rise: Making Sense of EU Responses. Journal of Contemporary China Studies 2, 2: 111-128.
  • Wunderlich, Jens-Uwe. 2020. Positioning as Normative Actors: China and the EU in Climate Change Negotiations. Journal of Common Market Studies 58, 5: 1-17.
  • Yu, Jie. 2018. The Belt and Road Initiative: Domestic Interests, Bureaucratic Politics and the EU-China Relations. Asia Europe Journal 16: 223-236.
  • Zeng, Jinghan. 2017. Does Europe Matter? The Role of Europe in Chinese Narratives of ‘One Belt One Road’ and ‘New Type of Great Power Relations’. Journal of Common Market Studies 55, 5: 1162-1176.
  • Zhou, Hong. 2017. An Overview of the China-EU Strategic Partnership (2003-2013). In China-EU Relations Reassessing the China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, ed. Hong Zhou. Singapore, Springer: 3-31.
  • Zimmermann, Antonia. 2024. “On Chinese Forced Labor, Europe plays Catch-up with the US”, Politico. March 1. https://www.politico.eu/article/china-forced-labor-ban-europe-us-uyghur-xinjiang/#:~:text=Five%20years%20after%20the%20United,forced%20labor%20goods%20on%20Monday. (accessed March 13, 2024)

From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?

Yıl 2024, Erken Görünüm, 1 - 16
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1601888

Öz

The European Union (EU) has been promoting its norms, values, and rules for decades. However, in the current international environment, the EU’s normative power is not being received well outside the EU, particularly in reference to the growing power of illiberal states. Within that context, this study explores EU-China relations across time and unpacks the position of normative power Europe towards China and the Chinese response. The study foregrounds the fruitless attempts of the EU to project its transformative power onto China and the growing resistance by China against this, which it expresses by presenting itself to the West as an alternative power with an alternative understanding of international politics.

Kaynakça

  • Berkofsky, Axel. 2019. China and the EU: “Strategic Partners” No More. Institute for Security & Development Policy. Issue Brief, December 4.
  • Cameron, Fraser. 2009. The Development of EU-China Relations. European Studies 27: 47-64.
  • Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2018. China’s Policy Paper on the EU, December.
  • Chou, Mark. 2015. Projections of China’s Normative Soft Power. Australian Journal of International Affairs 69, 1: 104-114.
  • Christiansen, Thomas Emil Kircher and Uwe Wissenbach. 2019. The European Union and China. London, Red Globe Press.
  • Crookes, Paul Irwin. 2013. Resetting EU-China Relations from a Values-based to an Interest-based Engagement. International Politics 50, 5: 639-663.
  • European Commission. 2016. Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council. JOIN (2016) 30 final, European Commission, Brussels.
  • European Commission. 2019. Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council EU-China - A Strategic Outlook. JOIN (2019) 5 final, European Commission, Brussels.
  • Euronews. 2021. EU Agrees First Sanctions on China in More than 30 Years. March 22. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2021/03/22/eu-foreign-ministers-to-discuss-sanctions-on-china-and-myanmar (accessed March 11, 2024).
  • Forsberg, Tuomas. 2011. Normative Power Europe, Once Again: A Conceptual Analysis of an Ideal Type. Journal of Common Market Studies 49, 6: 1183-1204.
  • Frater, James, and Zamira Rahim. 2020. EU Parliament condemns China over Uyghur ‘Exploitation’. CNN World, December 17. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/17/europe/eu-parliament-china-uyghurs-intl/index.html (accessed March 10, 2024).
  • Geeraerts, Gustaaf. 2019. The EU-China Partnership: Balancing between Divergence and Convergence. Asia Europe Journal 17: 281-294.
  • Geeraerts, Gustaaf. 2016. “China, the EU, and Global Governance in Human Rights”. In China, the European Union, and the International Politics of Global Governance, ed. Wang, Jianwei and Weiqing Song. Palgrave Macmillan: 233-249.
  • Hackler, Matthias. 2020. Rapprochement Amid Readjustment: How China Sees Issues and Trends in Its Changing Relationship with the EU. Asia Europe Journal 18: 1-8.
  • Hoang, Ha Hai. 2016. Normative Power Europe through Trade: Vietnamese Perceptions. International Relations 30, 2: 176-205.
  • Holslag, Jonathan. 2011. The Elusive Axis: Assessing the EU-China Strategic Partnership. Journal of Common Market Studies 49, 2: 293-313.
  • Holzer, Constantin. 2020. “Identity Narratives in China and the EU’s Economic Diplomacy: Comparing the BRI and the EU Connectivity Strategy for Asia”. In Chinese National Identity in the Age of Globalisation, ed. Lu Zhouxiang. Palgrave Macmillan: 183-202.
  • Huotari, Mikko., Michael Otero-Iglesias, John Seaman and Alice Ekman. 2015. Mapping Europe-China Relations A Bottom-up Approach. Report, European Think-tank Network on China (ETNC), October.
  • Kavalski, Emilian. 2013. The Struggle for Recognition of Normative Powers: Normative Power Europe and Normative Power China in Context. Cooperation and Conflict 48, 2: 247-267.
  • Kavalski, Emilian and Young Chul Cho. 2018. Worlding the Study of Normative Power: Assessing European and Chinese Definitions of the “Normal”. Uluslararası İlişkiler 15, 57: 49-65.
  • Li, Mingjiang. 2016. “China-EU Relations: Rivalry Impedes Strategic Partnership”. In China, the European Union and the International Politics of Global Governance, ed. Wang, Jianwei and Weiqing Song. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan: 13-27.
  • Li, Jingkun., Chen Zhao, Lei Zhang, Hui Cao and Haiyang Zhang. 2017. “China-EU Political Relations”. In China-EU Relations Reassessing the China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, ed. Hong Zhou. Singapore, Springer: 35-67.
  • Maher, Richard. 2016. The Elusive EU-China Strategic Partnership. International Affairs 92, 4: 959-976.
  • Maizland, Lindsay. 2022. China’s Repression of Uyghurs in Xinjiang. Council on Foreign Relations, September 22. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-xinjiang-uyghurs-muslims-repression-genocide-human-rights (accessed March 10, 2024).
  • Manners, Ian. 2002. Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms? Journal of Common Market Studies 40, 2: 235-258.
  • Mattlin, Mikael. 2012. Dead on Arrival: Normative Policy towards China. Asia Europe Journal 10: 181-198.
  • Men, Jing. 2011. Between Human Rights and Sovereignty – An Examination of EU-China Political Relations. European Law Journal 17, 4: 534-550.
  • Mergenthaler, Stephan. 2015. Managing Global Challenges: The European Union, China and EU Network Diplomacy. Berlin, Springer VS.
  • Michalski, Anna and Niklas Nilsson. 2018. Resistant to Change? The EU as a Normative Power and Its Troubled Relations with Russia and China. Foreign Policy Analysis 15, 3: 1-18.
  • Michalski, Anna and Zhongki Pan. 2017. Role Dynamics in a Structured Relationship: The EU-China Strategic Partnership. Journal of Common Market Studies 55, 3: 611-627.
  • Michalski, Anna and Zhongki Pan. 2017. Unlikely Partners? China, the European Union and the Forging of a Strategic Partnership. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Rees, Nicholas. 2009. EU-China Relations: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. European Studies 27: 31-46.
  • Schimmelfennig, Frank and Ulrich Sedelmeier. 2005. The Europeanisation of Central and Eastern Europe. Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press.
  • Succimarra, Guiseppe. 2021. EU sanctions China for Human Rights Abuses in Xinjiang. Human Rights Pulse, April 15. https://www.humanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/eu-sanctions-china-for-human-rights-abuses-in-xinjiang (accessed March 11, 2024).
  • Taylor, Max Roger. 2022. Inside the EU-China Human Rights Dialogue: Assessing the Practical Delivery of the EU’s Normative Power in a Hostile Environment. Journal of European Integration 44, 3: 365-380.
  • Wong, Reuben. 2013. China’s Rise: Making Sense of EU Responses. Journal of Contemporary China Studies 2, 2: 111-128.
  • Wunderlich, Jens-Uwe. 2020. Positioning as Normative Actors: China and the EU in Climate Change Negotiations. Journal of Common Market Studies 58, 5: 1-17.
  • Yu, Jie. 2018. The Belt and Road Initiative: Domestic Interests, Bureaucratic Politics and the EU-China Relations. Asia Europe Journal 16: 223-236.
  • Zeng, Jinghan. 2017. Does Europe Matter? The Role of Europe in Chinese Narratives of ‘One Belt One Road’ and ‘New Type of Great Power Relations’. Journal of Common Market Studies 55, 5: 1162-1176.
  • Zhou, Hong. 2017. An Overview of the China-EU Strategic Partnership (2003-2013). In China-EU Relations Reassessing the China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, ed. Hong Zhou. Singapore, Springer: 3-31.
  • Zimmermann, Antonia. 2024. “On Chinese Forced Labor, Europe plays Catch-up with the US”, Politico. March 1. https://www.politico.eu/article/china-forced-labor-ban-europe-us-uyghur-xinjiang/#:~:text=Five%20years%20after%20the%20United,forced%20labor%20goods%20on%20Monday. (accessed March 13, 2024)
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Avrupa Birliği, Bölgesel Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gözde Yılmaz 0000-0003-3015-568X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Erken Görünüm

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, G. (2024). From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi1-16. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1601888
AMA Yılmaz G. From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?. uidergisi. Published online 01 Aralık 2024:1-16. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1601888
Chicago Yılmaz, Gözde. “From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, Aralık (Aralık 2024), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1601888.
EndNote Yılmaz G (01 Aralık 2024) From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 1–16.
IEEE G. Yılmaz, “From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?”, uidergisi, ss. 1–16, Aralık 2024, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.1601888.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Gözde. “From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi. Aralık 2024. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1601888.
JAMA Yılmaz G. From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?. uidergisi. 2024;:1–16.
MLA Yılmaz, Gözde. “From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 2024, ss. 1-16, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1601888.
Vancouver Yılmaz G. From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?. uidergisi. 2024:1-16.