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NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic

Yıl 2025, , 1 - 19

Sevgi Balkan-şahin , Özge Çetiner

https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1718983

Öz

The article examines how NATO has strategically and symbolically addressed disruptions to its ontological security due to Russia’s military build-up in the Arctic and its aggressions in Ukraine. Based on an engagement between ontological security and securitization perspectives, the article argues that NATO’s intentional and unconscious securitization acts towards Russia have addressed its material threats and ontological anxieties. Demonstrating the intersection of the material and psychological aspects of securitization, it highlights how NATO has engaged in a security-oriented role in the Arctic and constructed Russia as an abject/other to reaffirm its “self” as a united, reliable, and values-driven collective defense alliance. This dual approach has reflected NATO’s reflexivity in balancing strategic and ontological needs to respond to evolving security dynamics. Analyzing NATO’s Summit Declarations, Strategic Concepts, and press releases on the Arctic and Russia, coupled with interviews with NATO officials, the article reveals three major themes the Alliance has used to securitize Russia as a threat: to the “Euro-Atlantic stability”, “the Arctic peace”, and “international law and values”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alliance anxieties abject other Russian aggression strategic narratives securitization of subjectivity

Kaynakça

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  • Blunden, M. 2009. The New Problem of Arctic Stability. Survival 51, 5: 121-142.
  • Brassett, J., C. Browning, and M. O'Dwyer. 2021. EU’ve Got to Be Kidding: Anxiety, Humour and Ontological Security. Global Society 35, 1: 8-26.
  • Browning, C., and P. Joenniemi. 2017. Ontological Security, Self-Articulation and the Securitization of Identity. Cooperation and Conflict 52, 1: 31-47.
  • Browning, C., and M. McDonald. 2011. The Future of Critical Security Studies: Ethics and the Politics of Security. European Journal of International Relations 19, 2: 235-255.
  • Browning, C., and P. Joenniemi. 2012. From Fratricide to Security Community: Re-Theorising Difference in the Constitution of Nordic Peace. Journal of International Relations and Development 16: 483- 513.
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  • Deacon, C. 2023. Perpetual Ontological Crisis: National Division, Enduring Anxieties and South Korea’s Discursive Relationship with Japan. European Journal of International Relations 29, 4:1041-1065.
  • Della-Sala, V. 2017. Homeland Security: Territorial Myths and Ontological Security in the European Union. Journal of European Integration 39, 5: 545-558.
  • Della-Sala, V. 2018. Narrating Europe: the EU’s Ontological Security Dilemma. European Security 27, 3: 266-279.
  • Depledge, D. 2020. NATO and the Arctic. The RUSI Journal 165, 5-6: 80-90.
  • Duffy, R., J. Matisek, J. M. Mckenzie, and C. Pillai. 2024. More NATO in the Arctic Could Free the United States up to Focus on China. Texas National Security Review. https://warontherocks.com/2024/11/more-nato-in-the-arctic-could-free-the-united-states-up-to-focus-on-china/ (accessed December 20, 2024).
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  • Gellwitzki, N., and A. Houde. 2023. Narratives, Ontological Security, and Unconscious Phantasy: Germany and the European Myth During the So‐Called Migration Crisis. Political Psychology 44, 2: 435- 451.
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NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic

Yıl 2025, , 1 - 19

Sevgi Balkan-şahin , Özge Çetiner

https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1718983

Öz

The article examines how NATO has strategically and symbolically addressed disruptions to its ontological security due to Russia’s military build-up in the Arctic and its aggressions in Ukraine. Based on an engagement between ontological security and securitization perspectives, the article argues that NATO’s intentional and unconscious securitization acts towards Russia have addressed its material threats and ontological anxieties. Demonstrating the intersection of the material and psychological aspects of securitization, it highlights how NATO has engaged in a security-oriented role in the Arctic and constructed Russia as an abject/other to reaffirm its “self” as a united, reliable, and values-driven collective defense alliance. This dual approach has reflected NATO’s reflexivity in balancing strategic and ontological needs to respond to evolving security dynamics. Analyzing NATO’s Summit Declarations, Strategic Concepts, and press releases on the Arctic and Russia, coupled with interviews with NATO officials, the article reveals three major themes the Alliance has used to securitize Russia as a threat: to the “Euro-Atlantic stability”, “the Arctic peace”, and “international law and values”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alliance anxieties abject other Russian aggression strategic narratives securitization of subjectivity

Destekleyen Kurum

This article was supported by Çağ University’s Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: 2024-1-1).

Kaynakça

  • Adısönmez, U. C., and R. Onursal. 2022. “Strong, but Anxious State”: The Fantasmatic Narratives on Ontological Insecurity and Anxiety in Turkey. Uluslararası İlişkiler 19, 73: 61-75.
  • Akchurina, V., and V. Della-Sala. 2018. The European Union, Russia and the Post-Soviet Space: Shared Neighbourhood, Battleground or Transit Zone on the New Silk Road?. Europe-Asia Studies 70, 10: 1543-1551.
  • Alkopher, T. D. 2018. Socio-Psychological Reactions in the EU to Immigration: From Regaining Ontological Security to Desecuritisation. European Security 27, 3: 314-335.
  • Balzacq, T., T. Basaran, D. Bigo, E. Guittet, and C. Olsson. 2010. Security Practices. In The International Studies Encyclopedia, ed. R. A. Denemark and R. Marlin-Bennett. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Berenskoetter, F. 2014. Parameters of a National Biography. European Journal of International Relations 20, 1: 262–88.
  • Berenskoetter, F. 2020. Anxiety, Time, and Agency. International Theory 12, 2: 273-290.
  • Bigo, D. 2020. Inoperability: A Political Technology for the Datafication of the Field of EU Internal Security? In The Routledge Handbook of Critical European Studies, ed. D. Bigo, T. Diez, E. Fanoulis, B. Rosamond, and Y. A. Stivachtis. Routledge.
  • Bjola, C. 2013. Keeping the Arctic ‘Cold’: The Rise of Plurilateral Diplomacy?. Global Policy 4, 4: 347-358.
  • Blunden, M. 2009. The New Problem of Arctic Stability. Survival 51, 5: 121-142.
  • Brassett, J., C. Browning, and M. O'Dwyer. 2021. EU’ve Got to Be Kidding: Anxiety, Humour and Ontological Security. Global Society 35, 1: 8-26.
  • Browning, C., and P. Joenniemi. 2017. Ontological Security, Self-Articulation and the Securitization of Identity. Cooperation and Conflict 52, 1: 31-47.
  • Browning, C., and M. McDonald. 2011. The Future of Critical Security Studies: Ethics and the Politics of Security. European Journal of International Relations 19, 2: 235-255.
  • Browning, C., and P. Joenniemi. 2012. From Fratricide to Security Community: Re-Theorising Difference in the Constitution of Nordic Peace. Journal of International Relations and Development 16: 483- 513.
  • Burns, R. 2014. NATO Official: Russia is Now an Adversary, Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/natosource/nato-official-russia-now-an-adversary/ (accessed May 18, 2023).
  • Buzan, B., O. Waever, and J. de Wilde. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Lynne Rienner.
  • Byers, M. 2017. Crises and International Cooperation: An Arctic Case Study. International Relations 31, 4: 375-402.
  • Chacko, P. 2013. A New “Special Relationship”?: Power Transitions, Ontological Security, and India–US Relations. International Studies Perspectives 15, 3: 1-18.
  • Cole, B., W. 2022. Securing Russia: Seeking Ontological Security in the Arctic. Ph.D Thesis, Old Dominion University.
  • Connolly, G. E. 2024. Welcome to the 70th NATO PA Annual Session, Montréal. https://publication.nato-pa.int/programme/montreal-2024-press-programme/nato-pa-president? _gl=1*mdod7a*_ga*MTgxODQ0NDYwMi4xNzMzOTE2NzEz*_ga_K4T5Z8GWJY*MTczMzkxNjcxMy4xLjAuMTczMzkxNjcxMy42MC4wLjA (accessed December 20, 2024).
  • Council on Foreign Relations. 2014. Remarks by Ambassador Michael Froman at the Council on Foreign Relations, Law & Business Review.
  • Croft, S. 2012. Constructing Ontological Insecurity: The Insecuritization of Britain’s Muslims. Contemporary Security Policy 33, 2: 219-235.
  • Cupać, J. 2020. The Anxiety Dilemma: Locating the Western Balkans in the Age of Anxiety. Journal of Regional Security 15, 1: 7–38.
  • Deacon, C. 2023. Perpetual Ontological Crisis: National Division, Enduring Anxieties and South Korea’s Discursive Relationship with Japan. European Journal of International Relations 29, 4:1041-1065.
  • Della-Sala, V. 2017. Homeland Security: Territorial Myths and Ontological Security in the European Union. Journal of European Integration 39, 5: 545-558.
  • Della-Sala, V. 2018. Narrating Europe: the EU’s Ontological Security Dilemma. European Security 27, 3: 266-279.
  • Depledge, D. 2020. NATO and the Arctic. The RUSI Journal 165, 5-6: 80-90.
  • Duffy, R., J. Matisek, J. M. Mckenzie, and C. Pillai. 2024. More NATO in the Arctic Could Free the United States up to Focus on China. Texas National Security Review. https://warontherocks.com/2024/11/more-nato-in-the-arctic-could-free-the-united-states-up-to-focus-on-china/ (accessed December 20, 2024).
  • Edenborg, E. 2017. Creativity, Geopolitics and Ontological Security: Satire on Russia and the War in Ukraine. Postcolonial Studies 20, 3: 294-316.
  • Edvardsen, A. 2023. We must be Prepared for Military Conflicts Arising in the Arctic. High North News. https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/natos-military-leader-we-must-be-prepared-military- conflicts-arising-arctic (accessed December 12, 2023).
  • Ejdus, F. 2020. Crisis and Ontological Insecurity: Serbia’s Anxiety over Kosovo's Secession. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ejdus, F. 2022. Anxiety, Dissonance and Imperial Amnesia of the European Union. Uluslararası İlişkiler 19, 73: 45-60.
  • Flockhart, T. 2021. Democratic Backsliding and Contested Values within the Alliance. In NATO 2030: Towards a New Strategic Concept and Beyond, ed. J. Blessing, K. K. Elgin, and N. M. Ewers-Peters. Brookings Institution Press: 177-194.
  • Flockhart, T. 2024. NATO in the Multi-Order World. International Affairs 100.2: 471-489.
  • Floyd, R. 2024. Ontological vs. Societal Security: Same Difference or Distinct Concepts?. International Politics: 1-19.
  • Gellwitzki, N., and A. Houde. 2023. Narratives, Ontological Security, and Unconscious Phantasy: Germany and the European Myth During the So‐Called Migration Crisis. Political Psychology 44, 2: 435- 451.
  • Gellwitzki, N., and C. W. Price. 2024. Liquid Fear, Agency and the (Un)conscious in Securitisation Processes: The Case of the UK’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Millennium 53, 1: 31-58.
  • Giddens, A. 1991. Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford University Press.
  • Gjørv, G. H., and K. K. Hodgson. 2019. “Arctic Exceptionalism” or “Comprehensive Security”? Understanding Security in the Arctic. In Arctic Yearbook 2019: Redefining Arctic Security, ed. L. Heininen, H. Exner-Pirot, and Justin Barnes: 218–230.
  • Gronholt-Pedersen, J., and G. Fouche. 2022. Dark Arctic, Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/graphics/ARCTIC-SECURITY/zgvobmblrpd/ (accessed September 16, 2023).
  • Gulledge, J., R. Huebert, H. Exner-Pirot, and A. Lajeunesse. 2012. Climate Change and International Security: the Arctic as a Bellwether. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions.
  • Gustafsson, K. 2022. Identity Change, Anxiety and Creativity: How 19th Century Japan Sought to Leave Asia and Become Part of the West. Uluslararası İlişkiler 19, 73: 77-93.
  • Gustafsson, K., and N. C. Krickel-Choi. 2020. Returning to the Roots of Ontological Security: Insights from the Existentialist Anxiety Literature. European Journal of International Relations 26, 3: 875-895.
  • Hansen, F. S. 2018. Russia's Relations with the West: Ontological Security through Conflict. In Russia, the West, and the Ukraine Crisis, ed. E. Götz. Routledge: 111-127.
  • Kayhan-Pusane, O., and A. Ilgıt. 2022. Ontological Insecurity, Anxiety, and Hubris: An Affective Account of Turkey-KRG Relations. Uluslararası İlişkiler 19, 73: 95-111.
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  • Mitzen, J. 2006a. Ontological Security in World Politics: State Identity and the Security Dilemma. European Journal of International Relations 12, 3: 341–370.
  • Mitzen, J. 2006b. Anchoring Europe’s Civilizing Identity: Habits, Capabilities and Ontological Security. Journal of Public Policy 13, 2: 270-285.
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  • Nguitragool, P. 2020. Indonesia’s Sense of Self, the West, and Democracy: An Ontological (In)Security Perspective. Contemporary Politics 26, 5: 553-572.
  • Parnemo, L. K. 2019. Russia’s Naval Development-Grand Ambitions and Tactical Pragmatism. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 32, 1: 41-69.
  • Purayil, M. P., and M. P. Purayil. 2021. The Ladakh Crisis and India’s Ontological Security. Global Change, Peace & Security 33, 1: 85-91.
  • Rumelili, B. 2015. Ontological (In)Security and Peace Anxieties: A Framework for Conflict Resolution. In Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security, ed. B. Rumelili. Routledge: 10-29.
  • Sloan, S. R. 2020. Defense of the West. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Sloan, S. R. 2022. NATO in an Evolving World Disorder. In NATO’s New Strategic Concept, ed. T. Tardy. NDC Research Paper 25: 13-20.
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  • Steele, B. J. 2005. Ontological Security and the Power of Self-identity: British Neutrality and the American Civil War. Review of International Studies 31, 3: 519-540.
  • Steele, B. J. 2008. Ontological Security in International Relations. Routledge.
  • Subotic, J. 2015. Genocide Narratives as Narratives-in-Dialogue. Journal of Regional Security 10, 2: 177–198.
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  • Wieslander, A., E. Adamson, and J. Lehto. 2023. Securing Northern Europe within NATO: Sweden and Finland as New Allies. Atlantic Council.
  • Zarakol, A. 2010. Ontological (In)Security and State Denial of Historical Crimes: Turkey and Japan. International Relations 24, 1: 3-23.
Toplam 97 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bölgesel Çalışmalar, Uluslararası Güvenlik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sevgi Balkan-şahin 0000-0001-7227-4359

Özge Çetiner 0000-0002-4243-2624

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 24 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025

Kaynak Göster

APA Balkan-şahin, S., & Çetiner, Ö. (2025). NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi1-19. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1718983
AMA Balkan-şahin S, Çetiner Ö. NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic. uidergisi. Published online 01 Haziran 2025:1-19. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1718983
Chicago Balkan-şahin, Sevgi, ve Özge Çetiner. “NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, Haziran (Haziran 2025), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1718983.
EndNote Balkan-şahin S, Çetiner Ö (01 Haziran 2025) NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 1–19.
IEEE S. Balkan-şahin ve Ö. Çetiner, “NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic”, uidergisi, ss. 1–19, Haziran2025, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.1718983.
ISNAD Balkan-şahin, Sevgi - Çetiner, Özge. “NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi. Haziran2025. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1718983.
JAMA Balkan-şahin S, Çetiner Ö. NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic. uidergisi. 2025;:1–19.
MLA Balkan-şahin, Sevgi ve Özge Çetiner. “NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 2025, ss. 1-19, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1718983.
Vancouver Balkan-şahin S, Çetiner Ö. NATO’s Quest for Ontological Security: Securitizing Russia in the Arctic. uidergisi. 2025:1-19.