Sociopolitics, Psychology, And Genocracy of Global Nationalism and Neo-Racism; Peace and Conflict Philosophy

Yıl 2022, , 158 - 193, 25.10.2022

Faruk Hadžić

https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1116521

Cited By: 3

Öz

The study problematizes the sociological/political/psychological/genetic aspects of neo-racism and nationalism and their conflict consequences. It aims to unlock points within peace philosophy and enlightenment. The paper argues that contemporary sociopolitics, as an expression of neoliberalism, globalization, radical nationalism, and supremacy, maintain archaic conflicting ideological, racial antagonistic, and national entity relations, particularly in post-socialist and post-conflict ethnoreligiously controlled societies-Balkans. Racism is a moral and sociopolitical subject significantly related to peace and conflict philosophy normative. Although a liberal conscience can be reassured by the fact that genetics has not found much difference among the peoples of the world, it is irrelevant to the problem of racism. In the sphere of flexibility, it established an association with nationalism. Nationalism initiates and homogenizes the national masses with narratives regarding the threat to national domains or injustices. Neo-racism and nationalism ignore insights into group differentiation; race genetics narratives were scientifically disguised prejudice. Racism can be enforced in regions with zero racial diversity. The significant causes lie within structural mechanisms of conflict, overwhelmed by the ethnonational/ethnoreligious culture of antagonism and fear. Balkan sports racism is correlated with ethnoreligious nationalism. It is deeply rooted in the culture and creation of ethnoreligious homogenous territories and ethnonational radicalism/far-right patterns. The racist and nationalist antagonistic mind can be liberated through enlightenment; one must notice how the national/ethnic/religious mind functions. The peace philosophy seeks to advance human society marked by processes and relations, cooperation, tolerances, mutual arrangements, and parity to resolve violent, non-violent, or ideological conflicts within the liberty of manifestation of individuals and societies. Thus, general civilizational progress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enlightenment, Genocracy, Nationalism \& Racism, Peace and Conflict, Psychology, Religion, Sociopolitics

Kaynakça

• Abascal, S. (2018). Discurso de Santiago Abascal en Vistalegre. EspañaViva, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_CIfZ5amIE
• Akinyoade, D. (2013). Theories in peace and conflict research. A paper presented at the International Conference of the Society for Peace Studies and Practice (SPSP). “Defining and Rethinking Peace and Security Systems in Transitional Democracies” Venue: Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
• AlJazeera, (2017). Nacionalizam, rasizam i huligani na tribinama u finalu Nogometnog kupa BiH (Nationalism, racism and hooligans in the stands in the finals of the BiH Football Cup), https://balkans.aljazeera.net/news/sports/2017/5/18/nacionalizam-rasizam-i-huligani-na-tribinama-u-finalu-nogometnog-kupa-bih.
• Bandzovic, S. (2019). Nedovršena prošlost u vrtlozima balkanizacije: refleksije „istočnog pitanja“ u historijskoj perspektivi [The Unfinished Past in the Vortices of Balkanization: Reflections on the "Eastern Question" in Historical Perspective], Historijski pregledi 2, 33-71.
• Brenner, Y. and Frows, B. (2019). Forced to leave: Comparing destination options of Venezuelans and Syrians, Mixed Migration Centre, https://mixedmigration.org/articles/forced-to-leave-comparing-destination-options-of-venezuelans-and-syrians/
• CBC, (2022). Europe's different approach to Ukrainian and Syrian refugees draws accusations of racism, https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/europe-racism-ukraine-refugees-1.6367932
• Centar za Mirovne Studije, (2009). Zvoni za Mir (Ring for Peace), Zagreb: ACT Printlab https://www.cms.hr/system/publication/pdf/3/Zvoni_za_mir_2009.pdf
• Cipek, T. (2019). Historijski revizionizam u Bosni i Hercegovini, Socijaldemokratska politika sjećanja između dva totalitarizma (Historical revisionism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Social democratic politics of memory between two totalitarianisms). Sarajevo: Friedrich Ebert Stifting
• Cipek, T. (2017). The Spectre of Communism Is Haunting Croatia. Politička Misao, 54(2), 150-169.
• Cvrtila, V. (1996). Vječni mir i novi svjetski poredak (Eternal peace and a new world order). Politička Misao : Časopis za Politologiju, 33 (1), 55-69.
• David, F. (2019). Jesmo li čudovišta (Are we monsters), Beograd: Službeni Glasnik.
• Ford, M. (2019). Deutsche Welle, DW, Rasizam i nacionalizam u balkanskom nogometu (Racism and nationalism in Balkan football), https://www.dw.com/hr/rasizam-i-nacionalizam-u-balkanskom-nogometu/a-48115587
• Gilroy, P., Sandset, T., Bangstad, S., Holbjerg, G. (2019). A diagnosis of contemporary forms of racism, race and nationalism: a conversation with Professor Paul Gilroy, Cultural Studies, 33(2),173-197
• Gittings, J. (2012). The Glorious Art of Peace: From the Iliad to Iraq. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Grattan, S. (2020). Venezuelan migrants face rising xenophobia in Latin America. The New Humanitarian, https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2020/02/13/Venezuelan-migrants-xenophobia-Latin-America
• Goleman, D. (2008). Socijalna inteligencija: Nova nauka o ljudskim odnosima. Beograd: Geopetika.
• Grdelj, S. (1999). Klerikalizam, etnofiletizam, antiekumenizam i (ne)tolerancija (Clericalism, ethnophiletism, anti-ecumenism and (in) tolerance). Sociologija, 41 (2), 143-164.
• Hadziselimovic, R. (2019). Balkanski neorasizam-lupus in fabula. Dijalog-Casopis Za Filozofiju i Drustvenu Teoriju, (3-4), 84-104.
• Hadzic, F. (2020). The Politicization of Religion and the Sacralized Balkan Nations Regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina. Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe, (OPREE), 40(7), 105-131
• Hadžić, F. (2021). Agnosticism and Atheism as Amoralism and Anti-Ideological Sociopolitical Paradigm in the Balkans, Specifically in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe, 41 (2), 69-85.
• Hadžić, F. (2021). Ethnoreligious political dispute, conflict management, leadership, and civic inclusion: the Balkans and globally. Istanbul Aydin University Journal of Social Sciences, 13(3), 619-638.
• Hadžić, F. (2022). Educational segregation and discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina and criticalpeace: transgression of ethnic-ideological utilization of youth. Psychology Research on Education and Social Sciences, 3(2), 25-41.
• Haracic, A. and Novic, I. (2020). Tacno.net., Rasizam, nacionalizam i virus uma (Racism, nationalism and the mind virus), https://www.tacno.net/novosti/rasizam-nacionalizam-i-virus-uma/
• Hughson, J., Skillen, F. (2014). Football in Southeastern Europe, From Ethnic Homogenization to Reconciliation, UK: Routledge.
• International Labour Office (ILO), International Organization for Migration (IOM) and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). (2001). International Migration, Racism, Discrimination and Xenophobia.
• ICTY, International Criminal Court for the former Yugoslavia, case number IT-04-74-T, the Prosecutor versus Prlic et al.
• International Crisis Group, (2019). A Way Out of Latin America’s Impasse over Venezuela, Briefing 38, Latin America and Caribbean.
• Jasnic, I. (2022). Blic.rs, Prvi put u istoriji većina građana srbije protiv ulaska u eu Veliko istraživanje Ipsosa: Ključni razlog za to su PRITISCI IZ BRISELA koje trpimo zbog Rusije (For the first time in history, the majority of Serbian citizens are against joining the EU The great Ipsos survey: The key reason for that is the PRESSURE FROM BRUSSELS that we are suffering because of Russia), https://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/prvi-put-u-istoriji-vecina-gradjana-srbije-protiv-ulaska-u-eu-veliko-istrazivanje/71wlnbr
• Kaser, K., Halpern, J. (1998). Historical myth and the invention of political folklore in contemporary serbia. Anthropology of East Europe Review, 16(1), 89-107.
• Karabeg, O. (2016). Slobodna Europa, Da li su završeni jugoslovenski ratovi devedesetih? (Are the Yugoslav wars of the nineties over?). https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/most-ratovi-balkan/28026146.html
• Limbergen, K., Colaers, C. and Walgrawe, L. (1989). Societal and psycho-sociological background of football hooliganism. Current Psychological Research \& Reviews. 8 (1), 4-14.
• MacCullagh, W. (2013). The Industrial History Of Free Nations, Considered In Relation To Their Domestic Institutions And External Policy. London: Chapman and Hall, 1 (2).
• Marusic, Z. (2011). Rat i klerikalizam [War and clerical], Seminarski rad za kolegij Kulture Srednje Europe, https://www.academia.edu/25319159/Rat_i_klerikalizam_kroz_primjer_Dobrog_vojaka_%C5%A0vejka_
• National Human Genome Research Institute, (2005). Race, Ethnicity, and Genetics Working Group, The Use of Racial, Ethnic, and Ancestral Categories in Human Genetics Research. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 77(4), 519–532.
• Ortega, J. (2019). Discurso completo de Javier Ortega Smith en Vistalegre Plus Ultra, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyHXhEQUKgE
• Perica, V. (2020). Front Slobode, Vjekoslav Perica: "Mitomani" - Ništa im nije toliko opasno kao ideja bratstva i jedinstva (Vjekoslav Perica: "Mythomaniacs" - Nothing is as dangerous to them as the idea of brotherhood and unity), https://www.frontslobode.ba/vijesti/komentar/152147/vjekoslav-perica-mitomani-nista-im-nije-toliko-opasno-kao-ideja-bratstva-i-jedinstva
• Pirocracy, (2019). Urban Dictionary, Genocracy, https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Genocracy
• Post, J. (2008). The Mind of the Terrorist: The Psychology of Terrorism from the IRA to al-Qaeda. New York: St. Martin's Press.
• Radio Slobodna Europa, (2004). Balkanski narodi - pokusni kunići, https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/823629.html
• Sakan, M. (2008). Studije Mira: Polemologija I Irinologija (Peace Studies: Polemology And Irinology). Banja Luka: Nezavisni univerzitet Banja Luka (NUBL)
• Sekulic, D. (2001). Je li nacionalizam hrvatska sudbina? (Is nationalism Croatian destiny). Revija za Sociologiju, 32(3-4), 157-174.
• Tacno.net, (2014). Lord Owen: Tuđman je bio rasista, želio je proširiti Hrvatsku na BiH (Lord Owen: Tudjman was a racist, he wanted to expand Croatia to BH), https://www.tacno.net/novosti/lord-owen-tudman-je-bio-rasista-zelio-je-prosiriti-hrvatsku-na-bih/
• The Guardian, (2018). The ugly spectre of racism in football on the rise across Europe, https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/dec/16/racism-on-the-rise-across-europe-football-raheem- sterling-chelsea
• Trost, T. and Kovacevic, N. (2013). Football, hooliganism , and nationalism: the reaction to Serbia's gay parade in reader commentary online, Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, 16(8), 1054-1076
• USDOS, (2018). Report on International Religious Freedom: Croatia, https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2011081.html
• Zgodic, E. (2005). Politike fantazija: o ratu protiv Bosne i Hercegovine [Fantasy politics: about the war against Bosnia and Herzegovina], Institut za istraživanje zločina protiv čovječnosti i međunarodnog prava, Sarajevo: Univerzitet u Sarajevu