Mısır-İsrail İlişkilerini Yeniden Çerçevelemek: Nasır ve Sedat Dönemlerine İnşacı Bir Bakış

Öz

1948’de İsrail Devleti’nin kurulmasının en önemli sonuçlarından biri bölgede Arap-İsrail çatışmasının ortaya çıkmasıdır. Halihazırda bir Arap topluluğunun yaşadığı Filistin, İsrail yerleşimlerinin hedefi haline gelmiş, bu da genel olarak Arap devletleri arasında nefret ve öfkeye neden olmuştur. İsrail’in Arap devletlerinin baş düşmanı olarak algılanması, Cemal Abdülnasır’ı ezilen Arap dünyasının karizmatik lideri haline getiren ve böylece 1950’lerin sonu ve 1960’ların pan-Arap ideolojisini doğuran 1956 Süveyş krizinin ardından en yüksek seviyesine ulaştı. Nasır, emperyalist Batı’ya ve onun Ortadoğu’daki uzantısı İsrail’e karşı mücadelenin simgesi haline geldi. Ancak Nasır’ın halefi Enver Sedat, Mısır’ın çıkarlarını Arap kaygılarının önüne koyarak Mısır’ı İsrail’i resmen tanıyan ilk Arap devleti haline getirdi. Böylece Mısır’ın İsrail’e yönelik dış politikası pan-Arap milliyetçiliğinden Mısır milliyetçiliğine keskin bir dönüş yaptı. Bu siyasi değişimin nasıl ve neden gerçekleştiği, kimlik kavramına odaklanarak sosyal inşacılık ilkelerine dayanan bu makalenin ana araştırma konusudur. Liderlerin dış politika davranışlarını ve söylemlerini inceleyen bu makale, Mısır devlet kimliğinin Nasır’dan Sedat’a değiştiğini ve bu değişimin iç ve uluslararası faktörlerden kaynaklandığını savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mısır
• İsrail
• devlet kimliği
• dış politika
• İnşacılık

Reframing Egypt-Israel Relations: A Constructivist Perspective on the Nasser and Sadat Eras

Öz

One of the most significant consequences of the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 was the advent of the Arab-Israeli conflict in the region. Palestine, which was already home to an Arab population, became the focus of Israeli settlements, which incited hatred and anger among the Arab states in general. The perception of Israel as the primary adversary of the Arab states reached its zenith following the Suez Crisis of 1956. This event propelled Gamal Abdel Nasser to the forefront of the Arab world as a charismatic leader, thereby giving rise to the pan-Arab ideology of the late 1950s and 1960s. Nasser became the epitome of the struggle against the imperialist West and its extension, Israel, in the Middle East. However, Anwar Sadat, who succeeded Nasser, placed Egyptian interests above those of the Arab states, thereby making Egypt the first Arab country to recognise Israel as a state. Egypt’s foreign policy towards Israel underwent a significant transformation, shifting from a pan-Arab nationalist stance to one that prioritised Egyptian interests. This article explores the underlying factors that shaped this political shift, drawing upon the principles of social constructivism and the concept of identity. Through an analysis of the foreign policy actions and discourse of key leaders, it posits that the Egyptian state identity evolved from Nasser to Sadat, with this transition being shaped by a complex interplay of domestic and international factors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Egypt
• Israel
• State Identity
• Foreign Policy
• Constructivism

Kaynakça

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