İdealizmin Ötesinde: AB’nin Türkiye ve Rusya’ya Yönelik Dış Politikasında Pragmatik Yaklaşım

Öz

Avrupa Birliği, dış politikasının normatif temeli olarak demokratik ilkelere bağlılığını sürekli olarak vurgulamakta ve bu değerlerin tüm dış ilişkilerini şekillendiren başlıca belirleyiciler olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Ancak, bu idealist ve değer odaklı söylem, giderek daha fazla stratejik hesaplamalarla yönetilen ulusüstü bir aktör olan AB’nin pratik davranışlarıyla genellikle keskin bir tezat oluşturmaktadır. Bu makale, AB’nin Türkiye ve Rusya ile ilişkilerinin tarihsel ve güncel vaka çalışmalarını inceleyerek, bu tür bir pragmatizmin AB’nin dış politikasında nasıl ortaya çıktığını analiz etmektedir. Makale, Birliğin eylemlerini jeopolitik çıkarlarıyla uyumlu hale getirme yeteneğinin, genellikle evrensel değerler söyleminin altında yatan pragmatizmini maskelemek suretiyle elde edildiğini savunmaktadır. AB’nin demokratik normlara bağlılığını açıkça beyan etmesine rağmen, bu iki ülkeyle olan ilişkileri, çıkar temelli bir politika mimarisinin ısrarlı bir örneğini ortaya koymaktadır. Demokratik normlara bağlılığını açıkça beyan etmesine rağmen, AB’nin bu iki ülkeyle ilişkilerinde ısrarcı, çıkar temelli bir politika yapısı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma AB’nin pragmatik yaklaşımının yeni bir gelişme olmadığını, daha çok dış politikasının içsel ve kalıcı bir özelliği olduğunu ve karşı taraf devletlerin stratejik tepkilerine ve siyasi duruşlarına göre değişebildiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• Türkiye
• Rusya
• Dış Politika
• İlkeli Pragmatizm

Beyond Idealism: The EU’s Pragmatic Approach in Foreign Policy Towards Türkiye and Russia

Öz

The European Union consistently proclaims its commitment to democratic principles as the normative foundation of its foreign policy, asserting that these values are the primary determinants shaping all external engagements. However, this idealistic and value-oriented rhetoric often stands in stark contrast to the EU’s practical conduct, which reflects a supranational actor increasingly governed by strategic calculations. This paper analyzes how such pragmatism manifests in the EU’s foreign policy by examining historical and contemporary case studies of its relations with Türkiye and Russia. It argues that the Union’s ability to align its actions with geopolitical interests is frequently achieved by masking its underlying pragmatism beneath a discourse of universal values. Despite its avowed adherence to democratic norms, the EU’s engagement with these two countries reveals a persistent, interest-based policy architecture. Moreover, the study demonstrates that the EU’s pragmatic approach is not a recent development, but rather an inherent and enduring feature of its external diplomacy—one that adapts in form depending on the strategic responses and political postures of the counterpart states.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• European Union
• Russia
• Foreign Policy
• Principled Pragmatism
• Türkiye

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