COINTEGRATION BETWEEN CARBON EMISSION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GEORGIA AND TURKEY
Öz
In today’s world, carbon emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth are an issue of interest for all countries that want to continue growing by establishing a balance between energy and carbon emissions. This brief research investigates the relationship between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth using data between the years 1997-2014 period for Turkish and Georgian economies. Panel data cointegration tests are carried to analyze the relationship between variables. The overall finding results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the variables for the Georgian and Turkish economies. Moreover, the tests results are consistent with the general assumption of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Energy consumption, carbon emission, economic growth, Turkey, Georgia
Kaynakça
- Alkhathlan, K., and Javid, M. (2013). Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in Saudi Arabia: An aggregate and disaggregate analysis. Energy Policy, 62, 1525-1532.
- Al-Mulali, Usama, and Che Normee Binti Che Sab. (2012). The impact of energy consumption and CO 2 emission on the economic growth and financial development in the Sub Saharan Af-rican countries. Energy, 39(1), 180-186.
- Arouri, M. E. H., Ben Youssef, A., M’henni, H. ve Rault, C. (2012). Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in Middle East and North African Countries. Energy Policy, 45: 342–349.
- Bastola, U. ve Sapkota, P. (2014). Relationships Among Energy Consumption, Pollution Emission, and Economic Growth in Nepal. Energy, 1–9.
- Choi, I. (2001). Unit Root Tests for Panel Data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 20: 249–272.
- Cole, M. A. (1999). “Limits to Growth, Sustainable Development and Environmental Kuznets Curves: An Examination of the Environmental Impact of Economic Development”. Sus-tainable Development, 7: 87-97.
- Cowan, Wendy N. & Chang, Tsangyao & Inglesi-Lotz, Roula & Gupta, Rangan (2014). The nexus of electricity consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries. En-ergy Policy, 66(C), 359-368.
- Dam, M. M. (2014). Sera gazı emisyonlarının makroekonomik değişkenlerle ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri için panel veri analizi (Doctoral dissertation, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi).
- Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1991), Environmental Impacts of A North American Free Trade Agreement, NBER Working Paper Series, 3914
- Jahangir Alam, M., Ara Begum, I., Buysse, J. ve Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2012). Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth Nexus in Bangladesh: Cointegration and Dynamic Causality Analysis. Energy Policy, 45: 217–225.