KARBON EMİSYONU, EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ ARASINDAKİ KOENTEGRASYON: GÜRCİSTAN VE TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ÇALIŞMA

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 22, 39 - 50, 01.01.2019

Musa Gün

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.397486

Cited By: 3

Öz

Günümüz dünyasında ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi ve karbon
emisyonları ilişkisi enerji ve karbon emisyonları arasında bir denge kurarak
büyümeye devam etmek isteyen tüm ülker için bir çıkar konusudur. Bu araştırma,
Türkiye ve Gürcistan ekonomileri için 1997-2014 yılları arasındak verileri
kullanarak karbon emisyonu, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki
ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri analiz etmek için
panel veri eş-bütünleşme testleri yapılmıştır. Genel bulgu sonuçları, Gürcistan
ve Türkiye ekonomileri için değişkenler arasında önemli bir ilişki olduğunu
göstermektedir. Ayrıca, test sonuçları Çevresel Kuznet Eğrisi hipotezinin genel
varsayımları ile tutarlıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji tüketimi, karbon emisyonu, ekonomik büyüme, Türkiye, Gürcistan

COINTEGRATION BETWEEN CARBON EMISSION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GEORGIA AND TURKEY

Öz

In today’s world, carbon emissions, energy consumption, and
economic growth are an issue of interest for all countries that want to
continue growing by establishing a balance between energy and carbon emissions.
This brief research investigates the relationship between carbon emissions,
energy consumption and economic growth using data between the years 1997-2014
period for Turkish and Georgian economies. Panel data cointegration tests are
carried to analyze the relationship between variables. The overall finding
results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the variables
for the Georgian and Turkish economies. Moreover, the tests results are
consistent with the general assumption of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
hypothesis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy consumption, carbon emission, economic growth, Turkey, Georgia

Kaynakça

• Alkhathlan, K., and Javid, M. (2013). Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in Saudi Arabia: An aggregate and disaggregate analysis. Energy Policy, 62, 1525-1532.
• Al-Mulali, Usama, and Che Normee Binti Che Sab. (2012). The impact of energy consumption and CO 2 emission on the economic growth and financial development in the Sub Saharan Af-rican countries. Energy, 39(1), 180-186.
• Arouri, M. E. H., Ben Youssef, A., M’henni, H. ve Rault, C. (2012). Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in Middle East and North African Countries. Energy Policy, 45: 342–349.
• Bastola, U. ve Sapkota, P. (2014). Relationships Among Energy Consumption, Pollution Emission, and Economic Growth in Nepal. Energy, 1–9.
• Choi, I. (2001). Unit Root Tests for Panel Data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 20: 249–272.
• Cole, M. A. (1999). “Limits to Growth, Sustainable Development and Environmental Kuznets Curves: An Examination of the Environmental Impact of Economic Development”. Sus-tainable Development, 7: 87-97.
• Cowan, Wendy N. & Chang, Tsangyao & Inglesi-Lotz, Roula & Gupta, Rangan (2014). The nexus of electricity consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries. En-ergy Policy, 66(C), 359-368.
• Dam, M. M. (2014). Sera gazı emisyonlarının makroekonomik değişkenlerle ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri için panel veri analizi (Doctoral dissertation, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi).
• Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1991), Environmental Impacts of A North American Free Trade Agreement, NBER Working Paper Series, 3914
• Jahangir Alam, M., Ara Begum, I., Buysse, J. ve Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2012). Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth Nexus in Bangladesh: Cointegration and Dynamic Causality Analysis. Energy Policy, 45: 217–225.
• Kao, Chinwa D. (1999). Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data, Journal of Econometrics, 90, 1–44.
• Keller, W. and Levinson, A. (1999), Environmental Compliance Costs and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to U.S. States, NBER Working Paper Series, 7369.
• Kofi Adom, P., Bekoe, W., Amuakwa-Mensah, F., Mensah, J. T. ve Botchway, E. (2012). Carbon Diox-ide Emissions, Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, and Technical Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Ghana, Senegal, and Morocco on the Causal Dynamics. Energy, 47(1): 314–325.
• Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Equality. American Economic Review, 45(1): 1- 28.
• Liao, H. ve Cao, H. S. (2013). How Does Carbon Dioxide Emission Change With The Economic De-velopment? Statistical Experiences from 132 Countries. Global Environmental Change, 23(5): 1073–1082.
• Lotfalipour, M. R., Falahi, M. A. ve Ashena, M. (2010). Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions, and Fossil Fuels Consumption in Iran. Energy, 35(12): 5115–5120.
• Maddala, G. S. and S. Wu (1999). A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, 631–52.
• Menyah, Kojo and Wolde-Rufael, Yemane (2010). CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable en-ergy and economic growth in the US. Energy Policy, 38, (6), 2911-2915.
• Munasinghe, M. (2001). Sustainable development and climate change: applying the sustainomics transdisciplinary meta-framework. International Journal of Global Environmental Is-sues, 1(1), 13-55.
• Oktay Kızılkaya, Ahmet Ay, Emrah Sofuoğlu (2015). Türkiyede Karbondioksit Emisyonları, Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Enerji Tüketimi İlişkisi: Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Ana-lizi, IV. Anadolu International Conference in Economics, June 10-12, Eskişehir, Turkey.
• Özcan, B. (2013). The Nexus Between Carbon Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Middle East Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. Energy Policy, 62: 1138–1147.
• Öztürk, I. ve Acaravcı, A. (2013). The Long-Run and Causal Analysis of Energy, Growth, Openness and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions in Turkey. Energy Economics, 36: 262-267.
• Pao, H. T. and Tsai, C. M. (2011). Multivariate Granger Causality between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Evi-dence from a Panel of BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, and China) Countries. Ener-gy, 36, 685-693.
• Park, J., Hong, T. (2013). Analysis of South Korea’s economic growth, carbon dioxide emission, and energy consumption using the Markov switching model. Renewable and Sustainable En-ergy Reviews, 18, 543-551.
• Saboori, B., Sapri, M., & bin Baba, M. (2014). Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)'s transport sector: A fully modified bi-directional relationship approach. Energy, 66 (1), 150–161.
• Salahuddin, M. ve Gow, J. (2014). Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Energy, 73: 44–58.
• Sarısoy, S., Yıldız, F. (2013). Karbondioksit (CO2) Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Panel veri Analizi. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, No 2.
• Shahbaz, M., Solarin, S. A., Mahmood, H., & Arouri, M. (2013). Does financial development reduce CO2 emissions in Malaysian economy? A time series analysis. Economic Modelling, 35, 145-152.
• Smarzynska, B. K., & Wei, S. J. (2001). Pollution havens and foreign direct investment: dirty secret or popular myth? (No. w8465). National bureau of economic research.
• Van Hoa, T. and Limskul, K. (2013). Economic Impact of CO2 Emissions on Thailand’s Growth and Climate Change Mitigation Policy: A Modelling Analysis. Economic Modelling, 33: 651–658.
• World Bank Data Base, https://data.worldbank.org/