İNTİHAR VAKALARINA YÖNELİK SOSYOEKONOMİK BİR BAKIŞ: BİR GRUP ORTA GELİRLİ ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE İNCELEMELER

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 41, 78 - 90, 31.10.2023

Ömer Faruk Gültekin , Ömer Selçuk Emsen

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1286326

Öz

Suicide is a phenomenon that poses a danger to all parts of society. It is highly likely that there is a strong correlation between socioeconomic indices and suicide rates. The study's goal is to research the relationship between suicide and socioeconomic indicators. In the study, suicide frequency for the period 1990-2017 (per 100 thousand people), per capita income, mean schooling, unemployment rate, and the proportion of cancer cases in the population variables of the BRICS and MIST country group members were analyzed using the Panel ARDL modelThe estimation results show that suicide is negatively associated with per capita income and mean schooling. The relationship between the share of cancer cases in the population and suicide is positive. No significant relationship was found between the unemployment rate and suicide. Although further studies on this topic are needed due to the limitations of the study and the multidimensional determinants of suicide, it can be said that there is an inverse relationship between economic development and suicide in developing countries. In middle-income countries, increasing wealth and improving educational opportunities play a role in reducing suicide. Despite arguments that cancer is both a cause and a consequence of development, there is a finding that it triggers suicide when there is a sense of burnout, but this was not found to be statistically significant. This can be explained by the fact that the lethality of cancer decreases with development. In this context, it is important that societies continue their development processes to reduce cases such as suicide and other global problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekonomik Gelişme, İntihar, Sosyoekonomi

A Socioeconomic Perspective on Suicide Cases: Studies on a Group of Middle-Income Countries

Öz

Suicide is a phenomenon that poses a danger to all parts of society. It is highly likely that there is a strong correlation between socioeconomic indices and suicide rates. The study's goal is to research the relationship between suicide and socioeconomic indicators. In the study, suicide frequency for the period 1990-2017 (per 100 thousand people), per capita income, mean schooling, unemployment rate, and the share of cancer cases in the population variables of the BRICS and MIST country group members analyzed using the Panel ARDL method. According to results, suicide is negatively associated with per capita income and mean schooling. The relationship between the share of cancer cases in the population and suicide is positive. No significant relationship found between the unemployment rate and suicide. Due to certain limitations of the study and the multifaceted determinants of suicide, more studies are needed on the subject. In middle-income countries, increasing wealth and improving educational opportunities play a role in reducing suicide.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic Development, Socioeconomics, Suicide

Kaynakça

• Abdou, R., Cassels, D., Berrill, J. ve Hanly, Jim., (2020). An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Business Performance and Suicide in the US. Social Science & Medicine, 264, 1132-1156.
• Aleksiyeviç, S. (2016). İkinci El Zaman-Kızıl İnsanın Sonu. (Çev. S. Gürses). İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık.
• Alicandro, G., Malvezzi, M., Gallus, S., La Vecchia, C., Negri, E. ve Bertuccio, P. (2019). Worldwide Trends in Suicide Mortality from 1990 to 2015 with a Focus on the Global Recession Time Frame. Int J Public Health, 64(5), 785-795.
• Alothman, D. ve Fogarty, Andrew. (2020). Global Differences in Geography, Religion and Other Societal Factors are Associated with Sex Differences in Mortality from Suicide: An Ecological Study of 182 countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 67-72.
• Amini, S., Bagheri, P., Moradinazar, M., Basiri, M., Alimehr, M. ve Ramazani, Y. (2020). Epidemiological Status of Suicide in the Middle East and North Africa Countries (MENA) from 1990 to 2017”. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, Jan-Mar, 9, 299-303.
• Andersson, R. ve Monizruzzaman, S. (2005). Relationship between Economic Development and Suicide Mortality: A Global Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Epidemiological Transition Perspective. Public Health, 119(1), 72-73.
• Antonakakis, N., ve Collins, A. (2018). A suicidal Kuznets curve?. Economics Letters, 166, 90-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.02.013
• Asteriou, D. ve Hall, S. G. (2007) Applied Econometrics: A Modern Approach Using Eviews and Micro Fit. Revisited Eds. Palgrave Macmillan, Newyork.
• Barbieri, L. (2005). Panel Unit Root Tests: A Review. Serie Rossa: Economia – Quaderno N. 43.
• Blackburne, E. F. ve Frank, M. W. (2007). Estimation of Nonstationary Heterogeneous Panels. The Stata Journal, 7(2), 197-208.
• Bölük, G. ve Mert, M. (2016). The Renewable Energy, Growth and Environmental Kuznets Curve in Turkey: An ARDL Approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 587-595.
• Bray, I. ve Gunnell, D. (2006). Suicide Rates, Life Satisfaction and Happiness as Markers for Population Mental Health. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 333-337.
• Chang, S., Stuckler, D., Yip, P. ve Gunnell, D. (2013). Impact of 2008 Global Economic Crisis on Suicide: Time Trend Study in 54 Countries. BMJ, 347:f5239, 1-15.
• Coope, C., Gunnell, D., Hollingworth, W., Hawton, K., Kapur, N., Fearn, V., Wells, C. ve Metcalfe, C. (2014). Suicide and the 2008 Economic Recession: Who is Most at Risk? Trends in Suicide Rates in England and Wales 2001-2011. Social Science & Medicine, 117, 76-85.
• Dattani, S., Rodés-Guirao, L., Ritchie, H., Roser, M. and Ortiz-Ospina, E. (2023). Suicides. OurWorldInData.org. https://ourworldindata.org/suicide
• Durkheim, E. (2015). İntihar. (Çev. Z. İlkgelen). Pozitif Yayınları
• Fountoulakis, K. (2020). Suicides in Greece before and during the Period of Austerity by Sex and Age Group: Relationship to Unemployment and Economic Variables. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 174-182.
• Kızılçelik, S. ve Erjem, Y. (1994). Açıklamalı Sosyoloji Terimler Sözlüğü. Ankara. Atilla Kitabevi.
• Lari, M. S. ve Sefiddashti, S. E. (2023). Socio-Economic, Health and Environmental Factors Influencing Suicide Rates: A Cross-Country Study in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 93, 102463.
• Leinsalu, M., Baburin, A., Jasilions, D., Krunins, J., Martikainen, P. ve Stickley, A. (2020). Macroeconomic Fluctuations and Educational Inequalities in Suicide Mortality among Working-Age Men in the Baltic Countries and Finland in 2000–2015: A Register-Based Study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 131, 138-143.
• Lorant, V., Gelder, R., Kapadia, D., Borrell, C., Kalediene, R., Kovacs, K., Leinsalu, M., Martikainen, P., Menvielle, G., Regidor, E., Rodirguze-Sanz, M., Wojtyniak, B., Strand, H. B.., Bopp, M. ve Mackenbach, J. P. (2018). Socioeconomic Inequalities in Suicide in Europe: The Widening Gap. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 212(6), 356-361.
• Milner, A., Scovelle, A. J., Hewitt, B., Maheen, H., Ruppanner, L. ve King, T. L. (2020). Shifts in Gender Equality and Suicide: A Panel Study of Changes over Time in 87 Countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 276, 495-500.
• Okada, K. ve Samreth, S. (2020). A Study on the Socio-Economic Determinants of Suicide: Evidence from 13 European OECD Countries. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 45, 78-85
• Olczyk, M. ve Kordalska, A. (2016). International Competitiveness of Czech Manufacturing: A Sectoral Approach with Error Correction Model. Prague Economic Papers, 26(2), 1-14.
• Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegrating Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(1), 653-570.
• Pesaran, M. H. ve Shin, Y. (1999). An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis. Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Strom, S. (ed.) Cambridge University Press.
• Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.951.
• Suicide. (2021). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide 15.12.2023 tarihinde URL’den erişim.
• Vandoros, S., Avendano, M., Kawachi, I. (2019). The Association between Economic Uncertainty and Suicide in the Short-Run. Social Science & Medicine, 220, 403-410.
• Yuzbashkandi, S. S. ve Sadi, M. A, (2020). Petroleum Production Impacts on the Economic Growth of the OPEC Countries: Panel ARDL Approach. SN Applied Sciences, 2(4), 1-10.
• Zhang, J., Ma, J., Jia, C., Sun, J., Guo, X., Xu, A. ve Li, W. (2010). Economic Growth and Suicide Rate Changes: A Case in China from 1982 to 2005. European Psychiatry, 25(3), 159-163.