Internationalization of Terrorism and its Implications in the Philippines

Öz

Terrorism, once a localized threat, experienced a paradigmatic shift with the 9/11 Attacks, evolving into a global security menace. Al Qaeda, the orchestrator of 9/11, not only introduced unconventional tactics but also pioneered a strategically and hierarchically flexible form of terrorism. The global war on terror lasting two decades assured nothing but tactical victories. Despite the fall of prominent terrorist groups like Al Qaeda and ISIS in Syria and Iraq, the threat endures in diverse forms globally. The return of foreign fighters from Syria and Iraq further exacerbated the security challenges with implications extending not only to Western countries but also to Southeast Asia. This article aims to conceptualize and analyze the internationalization of terrorism. It explores the evolution of this phenomenon, emphasizing the methodology of religiously motivated international terrorism that transcends national borders. The implications are scrutinized within the context of the Battle of Marawi in the Philippines, a nation grappling with identity-building challenges, longstanding Islamist insurgency, and state control issues.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• International Terrorism
• the Philippines
• Jihad
• Southeast Asia

Uluslararasılaşan Terörizm ve Filipinler’deki Etkileri

Öz

Uzun bir süre yerel bir tehdit olarak kabul edilen terörizm, 11 Eylül Saldırılarıyla birlikte paradigmatik bir değişim yaşadı ve küresel bir güvenlik tehdidine dönüştü. 11 Eylül saldırılarının arkasındaki El Kaide yalnızca yeni taktikler uygulamakla kalmayıp, stratejik ve hiyerarşik olarak daha esnek bir terörizm formuna da öncülük etti. Bu nedenle, 20 yıl süren teröre karşı küresel taktiksel zaferlerden başka bir sonuç getirmedi. El Kaide ve IŞİD gibi grupların Irak ve Suriye’deki yenilgilerine rağmen terör tehdidi dünya çapında çeşitli şekillerde varlığını devam ettirdi. Yabancı savaşçıların Suriye ve Irak'tan geri dönüşü, yalnızca Batı ülkelerini değil aynı zamanda Güneydoğu Asya'yı da kapsayacak şekilde güvenlik sorunlarını derinleştirdi. Bu makale terörizmin uluslararasılaşmasını kavramsallaştırmayı ve analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda bu makale, ulusal sınırları aşan dini motivasyonlu uluslararası terörizmin metodolojisini vurgulayarak bu olgunun evrimini araştırmaktadır. Bunun etkileri, ulusal kimlik inşasında başarısız olan, uzun yıllardır İslamcı silahlı ayaklanmalarla mücadele eden ve ülke üzerinde etkin devlet kontrolünü sağlayamayan Filipinler’de, Marawi Savaşı özelinde incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası Terörizm
• Filipinler
• Cihat
• Güneydoğu Asya

Kaynakça

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