Can the Security Council Play an Effective Role in the Area of Climate Change? Opportunities and Challenges

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 14 - 24, 30.06.2024

Ebru Demir

Öz

Recently climate change has become a significant problem with its visible effects in our daily lives. How to combat this problem, however, remains uncertain. Although states have signed various conventions in order to fight climate change, the implementation of these conventions has been insufficient. The unwillingness of states has sparked debates about whether the United Nations Security Council could be an effective actor in the area of climate change. As is well-known, the Security Council has the authority to make binding decisions. The literature suggests that this institution could overcome the reluctance of states in terms of taking measures to combat climate change. This article does not advocate whether the Security Council should or should not play a role as an actor in climate change. The article aims to objectively discuss whether it is possible for the Security Council to take on a role in climate change. This issue, which has not received enough attention in our literature, has become even more significant with the recent reports published by the Security Council on climate change.

Anahtar Kelimeler

united nations, security council, climate change, security studies

İklim Değişikliği Alanında Güvenlik Konseyi Etkin Bir Rol Oynayabilir Mi? Fırsatlar ve Zorluklar

Öz

İklim değişikliği son yıllarda etkileri gözle görülür hale gelen önemli bir soruna dönüşmüştür. Ancak bu sorun ile nasıl kolektif bir şekilde mücadele edileceği hala belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Devletler her ne kadar iklim değişikliği ile mücadele için çeşitli sözleşmeler imzalamış olsalar da bu sözleşmelerin uygulamaya yansımaları yetersizdir. Bu durum, Birleşmiş Milletlerin ana organlarından biri olan Güvenlik Konseyinin iklim değişikliği alanında etkili bir aktör olup olamayacağı tartışmalarını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bilindiği üzere, Güvenlik Konseyi, bağlayıcı kararlar alabilme yetkisine sahiptir. Literatürde, bu kurumun iklim değişikliğine ilişkin konularda devletlerin isteksizliklerinin önüne geçebileceği şeklinde yorumlar mevcuttur. Bu makale, Güvenlik Konseyinin iklim değişikliği konusunda bir aktör olarak rol almasını yahut almamasını öne sürmemektedir. Makale, Güvenlik Konseyi’nin bu konuda rol almasının hukuki ve siyasi açıdan mümkün olup olmadığını objektif bir biçimde tartışmayı amaçlar. Literatürümüzde yeterince ilgi görmemiş bu konu, Güvenlik Konseyinin iklim değişikliği konusunda raporlar yayınlamaya başlaması ile birlikte daha da önemli hale gelmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

birlesmis milletler, guvenlik konseyi, iklim degisikligi, guvenlik calismalari

Etik Beyan

makale bana aittir ve etik rapora gerek yoktur.

Destekleyen Kurum

yoktur.

Kaynakça

• Abouyoub, Y. (2012). Climate: The Forgotten Culprit - The Ecological Dimension of the Darfur Conflict. Race, Gender and Class, 19(1-2), 150-176.
• Adom, P.K. (2024). Climate Change. Alarming Africa-wide report predicts 30% drop in crop avenue, 50 million without water. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/agriculture/climate-change-alarming-africawide-report-predicts-30-drop-in-crop-revenue-50-million-without-water-94723 (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• Annan, K. (2006). Basın Bülteni. SG/SM/10739-ENV/DEV/904, https://press.un.org/en/2006/sgsm10739.doc.htm (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesi, 1945.
• Boutros-Ghali, B. (1992). An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peacekeeping. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/145749?ln=en&v=pdf (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• Brzoska, M. ve Fröhlich, C. (2016). Climate Change, Migration and Violent Conflict: Vulnerabilities, Pathways and Adaptation Strategies. Migration and Development, 5(2), 190-210.
• Burrows, K. ve Kinney, P.L. (2016). Exploring the Climate Change, Migration and Conflict Nexus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(4), 443-460.
• Climate Diplomacy (2006). Foreign Secretary Beckett: Berlin Speech on Climate and Security. https://climate-diplomacy.org/magazine/foreign-secretary-beckett-berlin-speechclimate-and-security. (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• Cousins, S. (2013). UN Security Council: Playing a Role in the International Climate Change Regime? Global Change, Peace and Security, 25(2), 191-210.
• Dalby, S. (2013). Climate Change: New Dimensions of Environmental Security. RUSI Journal, 158, 34-43.
• Eski Yugoslavya Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi (EYUCM). (1997). Tadić Davası. https://www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/acdec/en/51002.htm (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• Happold, M. (2003). Security Council Resolution 1373 and the Constitution of the United Nations. Leiden Journal of International Law, 16(3), 593-610.
• Hardt, J.N. (2021). The United Nations Security Council at the Forefront of (Climate) Change? Confusion, Stalemate, Ignorance. Politics and Governance, 9, 5-15.
• Horton, H. ve Lakhani, N. (2023). Longer heatwaves driven by ‘turbo-charged’ climate change, say scientists. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/17/longer-hotterheatwaves-driven-turbo-charged climate-change-scientists (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• IISD, SDG Knowledge Hub. (2013). G8 Identifies climate Change as Contributing Factor to Security Risks. https://sdg.iisd.org/news/g8-identifies-climate-change-as-contributing-factor-tosecurity-risks/ (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• IPCC. (2007). Forth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007. https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch10s10-3-6-3.html (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• Maertens, L. (2021). Climatizing the UN Security Council. International Politics, 58, 640-660.
• Mazo, J. (2009). Darfur: The First Modern Climate-Change Conflict. The Adelphi Papers, 49(409), 73-86.
• McAdam, J. ve Saul, B. (2010). An Insecure Climate for Human Security? Climate-Induced Displacement and International Law. Edwards, A. ve Ferstman, C. (Ed.) Human Security and Non-Citizens: Law, Policy and International Affairs. (357-403) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• McGrath, M. (2024). Climate change: Deadly African heatwave ‘impossible’ without warming. https://www.bbc.com/news/science environment68835575#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20study%2C%20climate,was%20increas ed%20by%201.4C (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• McInnes, C. (2006). HIV/AIDS and Security. International Affairs, 82(2), 315-326.
• Ng, T. (2010). Safeguarding Peace and Security in our Warming World: A Role for the Security Council. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 15(2) 275-300.
• Penny, C. K. (2007). Greening the Security Council: Climate Change as an Emerging “Threat to International Peace and Security”. International Environmental Agreements, 7(1), 35-71.
• Peters, K. (2018). Disasters, Climate Change, and Securitisation: The United Nations Security Council and the United Kingdom’s Security Policy. Disasters, 42(2), 196-214.
• Poku, N.K. (2013). HIV/AIDS, State Fragility, and the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1308: A View from Africa. International Peacekeeping, 20(4), 521-535.
• Popovski, V. (2017). Does Climate Change Cause Conflict? Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/does-climate-change-causeconflict/#:~:text=U.N.,to%20the%20conflict%20in%20Darfur (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• Purvis, N. (2004). The Perspective of the United States on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. International Review for Environmental Strategies, 5(1), 169-178.
• Reuveny, R. (2007). Climate change-Induced Migration and Violent Conflict. Political Geography, 26, 656-673.
• Rott, N. (2023). U.S., European heatwaves ‘virtually impossible’ without climate change, study finds. https://www.npr.org/2023/07/25/1189837347/u-s-european-heat-wavesvirtually-impossible-without-climate-change-new-study-fi (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• Sanwal, M. (2013). Why is the UN Security Council Discussing Climate Change? Strategic Analysis, 37(6), 694-699.
• Solís, L.G. (2022). Central America is Still Recovering from Hurricane Mitch. https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/central-america-is-still-recovering-fromhurricane-mitch/ (Erişim Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024)
• Thalheimer, L. ve Webersik, C. (2020). Climate Change, Conflicts and Migration. Krieger, T., Panke, D. ve Pregernig, M. (Ed.) Environmental Conflicts, Migration and Governance (s. 59-82). Bristol: Bristol University Press.
• Trombetta, M.J. (2008). Environmental Security and Climate Change: Analysing the Discourse. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21(4), 585-602.
• van der Linden, H. (2017). Climate Change Mitigation and the U.N. Security Council: A Just War Analysis. Kling, J. (Ed.) Pacifism, Politics, and Feminism: Intersections and Innovations (116- 136). Leiden: Brill Rodopi.
• Von Tigerstrom, B. (2007). Human Security and International Law: Prospects and Problems. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
• Werksman, J. (ed). (1996) Greening International Institutions. New York: Earthscan.
• Birleşmiş Milletler Dokümanları
• Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesi (1945, Haziran 26) San Francisco.
• Genel Kurul, Kararname 63/281. (2009, Haziran 11). A/RES/63/281.
• Genel Sekreter Raporu (2009, Eylül 11). A/64/350.
• Güvenlik Konseyi, Başkan Notu. (1992, Ocak 31). S/23500.
• Güvenlik Konseyi, Kararname 1308. (2000, Temmuz 17). S/RES/1308.
• Güvenlik Konseyi, Kararname 1373. (2001, Eylül 28). S/RES/1373.
• Güvenlik Konseyi, Kararname 232. (1966, Aralık 16). S/RES/232.
• Güvenlik Konseyi, Kararname 418. (1977, Kasım 4). S/RES/418.
• Güvenlik Konseyi, Kararname 687. (1991, Nisan 8). S/RES/687.
• Güvenlik Konseyi, Toplantı Raporu. (2007, Nisan 17). S/PV.5663.
• Güvenlik Konseyi, Toplantı Raporu. (2011, Temmuz 20). S/PV.6587.