Avrupa Kağıt arıları, Polistes dominula ve Polistes nimpha (Christ, 1791) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Patojenlerinin Varlığı ve bu Patojenlerin Apis mellifera caucasia (Pollmann, 1889) Bal Arısı Erginleri Üzerindeki Potansiyel Insektisidal Etkileri

Yıl 2024, , 235 - 251, 18.11.2024

Ömer Ertürk , Didem Sağırkaya Gönül Algı , Selim Görgün

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1519238

Öz

Bal arısı (Apis mellifera), biyolojik çeşitliliğin ve karasal ekosistemlerin önemli bir unsurudur. Bu faydalı böcekteki herhangi bir patojenik enfeksiyon, büyük istenmeyen felaketlere yol açabilir. Bu çalışmada Polistes dominula ve Polistes nimpha eşekarısı kaynaklı patojen bakteri ve mantarlar ile bunların Apis mellifera caucasia üzerindeki potansiyel böcek öldürücü etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Mayıs ve Haziran 2020 aylarında Türkiye'de Samsun ili Terme ilçesinden toplanan ölü ve hastalıklı arılardan bakteri ve mantarlar izole edilmiştir. Çalışmada, Polistes dominula kağıt yaban arısı erginlerinin iç doku ve organlarından Granulicatella adiacens, Staphylococcus xylosus, Sphingomonas paucimobilis bakterileri ile Cryptococcus laurentii ve Candida famata mantarları elde edildi. Staphylococcus xylosus ve Sphingomonas paucimobilis'in her iki arı türünde de görülen yaygın bakteriler olduğu belirlendi. Serratia marcescens ve Enterococcus faecalis bakteri türlerinin bal arıları üzerinde oldukça öldürücü etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edildi. Tespit edilen mantarlar üzerinde bioassay deneyleri yapıldı ve Cryptococcus laurentii ve Candida famata mantar türlerinin de bal arıları üzerinde öldürücü etkileri olduğu görüldü. Zararlı böceklere karşı biyolojik mücadelede oldukça etkili olduğu bilinen entomopatojen bakterilerin, bal arılarında istenmeyen enfeksiyonlara neden olabileceği ortaya çıktı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apis mellifera, Polistes dominula, Polistes nimpha, Bakteriyel flora

EUROPEAN PAPER BEES, POLISTES DOMINULA AND POLISTES NIMPHA (CHRIST, 1791) (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) PATHOGENS PRESENCE AND THEIR POTENTIAL INSECTICIDAL EFFECTS ON HONEYBEES ADULTS OF APIS MELLIFERA CAUCASIA (POLLMANN, 1889)

Öz

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) is an important element of biodiversity and terrestrial ecosystems. Any pathogenic infection in this beneficial insect can lead to major undesirable disasters. This study investigated the pathogenic bacteria and fungi from Polistes dominula and Polistes nimpha wasps and their potential insecticidal effects on Apis mellifera caucasia. For this purpose, bacteria and fungi were isolated from dead and diseased bees collected from Terme district of Samsun province in Türkiye in May and June 2020. In the study, Granulicatella adiacens, Staphylococcus xylosus, Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteria and Cryptococcus laurentii and Candida famata fungi were obtained from the internal tissues and organs of Polistes dominula paper wasp adults. Staphylococcus xylosus and Sphingomonas paucimobilis were found to be common bacteria in both bee species. Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis bacterial species were found to have a very lethal effect on honeybees. Bioassay experiments were performed on the detected fungi, and it was observed that Cryptococcus laurentii and Candida famata fungi species also had lethal effects on honeybees. It has been revealed that entomopathogenic bacteria, which are known to be very effective in biological control against harmful insects, can cause unwanted infections in honeybees.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apis mellifera, Polistes dominula, Polistes nimpha, Bacterial flora

Kaynakça

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