ÜLKEMİZDE GÜNEY MARMARA BÖLGESİ’NDEKİ BAL ARILARINDA NOSEMA CERANAE’NİN MİKROSKOBİK VE MOLEKÜLER OLARAK BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 20 - 26, 30.11.2016

İbrahim Çakmak

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.379261

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmada Bursa ve Balıkesir çevresindeki kolonilerde mikroskobik olarak Nosema türlerinin
varlığını belirlemek ve multipleks PCR yöntemi ile kolonilerin hangi Nosema türü (N. ceranae ve N.
apis) ile enfekte olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Mikroskobik inceleme sonucunda, 14
koloniden 11 tanesindeki (%78,6) bireylerde Nosema sporları bulunmuş ve taranan bireylerin Nosema
ile enfekte olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu kolonilerden alınan örneklerde multipleks PCR metodu
kullanılarak moleküler tanımlama ile N. ceranae’nın 16S rRNA gen bölgesini karakterize eden bantlar
bulunmuştur. Çalışmada kolonilerin büyük çoğunluğunun N. ceranae ile enfekte olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apis mellifera, Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae, tanımlama, Bursa ve Balıkesir

Kaynakça

• Aydin, L., Cakmak, I., Gulegen, E., Wells, H. 2005. Honey bee Nosema disease in the Republic of Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research, 44: 196–197.
• Bailey, L. 1981. Honey bee pathology. Academic press, London, UK, 124 pp.
• Chauzat, M.-P., Higes, M., Martin-Hernandez, R., Meana, A., Cougoule, N., Faucon, J.P. 2007. Presence of Nosema ceranae in French honey bee colonies. Apidologie, 46(2): 127–128.
• Cakmak, I., Aydın, L., Gulegen, A.E. 2003. Güney Marmara Bölgesinde balarısı zararlıları ve hastalıkları. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 1: 33–35.
• Chen, Y., Evans, J.D., Zhou, L., Boncristiani, H., Kimura, K., Xiao, T., Litkowski, A.M., Pettis,J.S. 2009. Asymmetrical coexistence of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis in honey bees. Journal of InvertebratePathology, 101: 204-209.
• Chen, Y.P., Huang, Z.Y. 2010. Nosema ceranae, a newly identified pathogen of Apis mellifera in the USA and Asia. Apidologie, 41: 364-374.
• Cantwell, G.E. 1970. Standard methods for counting Nosema spores. American Bee Journal, 110: 222–223.
• Doyle, J.J., Doyle, J.L. 1991. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus, 12(1): 13-15.
• Fries, I.M., Feng, F., da Silva, A.J., Slemenda, S.B., Pieniazek, N.J. 1996. Nosema ceranae n. sp.(Microsporidia, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). European Journal of Protistology, 32: 356–365.
• Fries, I. 1997. Protozoa. In: Morse, R.A., Flottum,K. (eds), Honey bee pests, predators, diseases. A I Root Company, USA. pp. 59–76.
• Giersch, T., Berg, T., Galea, F., Hornitzky, M. 2009.Nosema ceranae infects honey bees (Apis mellifera) and contaminates honey in Australia. Apidologie, 40(2): 117–123.
• Gisder, S., Möckel, N., Linde, A., Genersch, E.2011. A cell culture model for Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis allows new insights into the life cycle of these important honey bee-pathogenic microsporidia. Enviromental Microbiology, 13: 404-413.
• Hernández,, R.M., Meana, A., Prieto, L., Salvador, A.M., Bailon, E.G., Higes, M. 2007. Outcome of colonization of Apis melliferaby Nosema ceranae. Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology, 73: 6331-6338.
• Higes, M., Martin, R., Meana, A. 2006. Nosema ceranae, a new microsporidian parasite in honey bees in Europe. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 92: 93–95.
• Higes, M., Garcia-Palencia, P., Martin-Hernandez, R., Meana, A. 2007. Experimental infection of Apis mellifera honeybees with Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 94: 211-217
• Higes, M., Hernández, R.M., Botías, C., Bailón, E.G., González-Porto, A.V., Barrios, L., Del Nozal, M.J., Bernal, J.L., Jiménez, J.J., Palencia, P.G., Meana, A. 2008. How natural infection by Nosema ceranae causes honeybee colony collapse. EnvironmentalMicrobiology, 10, 2659–2669.
• Higes, M., Martín-Hernández, R., Garrido-Bailón, E., Botías, C., Meana, A. 2009. First detection of Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) in African Honey bees (Apis mellifera intermissa). Journal of Apicultural Research, 48: 217–219.
• Klee, J., Besana, A.M., Genersch, E., Gisder, S.,Nanetti, A., Tam, D.Q., Chinh, T.X., Puerta, F.,Ruz, J.M., Kryger, P., Message, D., Hatjina, F., Korpela, S., Fries, I., Paxton, R.J. 2007. Widespread dispersal of the microsporidian Nosema ceranae, an emergent pathogen of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 96: 1–10.
• Martín-Hernández, R., Meana, A., Prieto, L., Salvador, A.M., Garrido-Bailon, E., Higes, M. 2007. Outcome of colonization of Apis mellifera by Nosema ceranae. Appliedand EnvironmentalMicrobiology, 73: 6331–6338.
• Muz, M.N., Giriskin, A.O., Muz, D., Aydın, L. 2010.Molecular detection of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis infection in Turkish apiaries with collapsed colonies. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(4): 342.
• Paxton, R.J., Klee, J., Korpela, S., Fries, I. 2007.Nosema ceranae has infected Apis mellifera in Europe since at least 1998 and may be more virulent than Nosema apis. Apidologie, 38: 558–565.
• Paxton, R.J. 2010. Does infection by Nosema ceranae cause “Colony Collapse Disorder” in honey bees(Apis mellifera). Journal of Apicultural Research, 49: 80–84.
• Utuk, A.E., Piskin, F.C., Girisgin, A.O., Selcuk O., Aydin, L. 2016. Microscopic and molecular detection of Nosema spp. in honeybees of Turkey. Apidologie, 47(2): 267-271.
• Utuk, A.E., Pişkin, F.Ç., Kurt, M. 2010. Türkiye’de Nosema ceranae’nın ilk moleküler tanısı. Ankara Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 57: 275-278.
• Vejsnaes, F., Neilson, S.L., Kryger, P. 2010. Factors involved in the recent increase in colony loss in Denmark. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49: 109–110.
• Whitaker, J., Szalanski, A.L., Kence, M. 2011.Molecular detection of Nosema ceranae and N. apis from Turkey honey bees. Apidologie, 42(2): 174-180.
• Williams, G.R., Shafer, A.B.A., Rogers, R.E.L., Shutler, D., Stewart, D.T. 2008. First detection of Nosemaceranae, a microsporidian parasite of European honey bees (Apis mellifera), in Canada and central USA. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 97: 189–192.
• Williams, G. R.,Shutler, D.,Burgher-MacLellan, K.L., Rogers, R.E.L. 2014. Infra-population and -community dynamics of the parasites Nosema apisandNosema ceranae, and consequences for honey bee (Apis mellifera) hosts.PLoS One9, e99465