LD50 VALUES MAY BE MISLEADING PREDICTORS OF NEONICOTINOID TOXICITY ACROSS DIFFERENT BEE SPECIES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 19 - 33, 29.05.2019

Christopher Mayack

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.568251

Cited By: 5

Öz

The importance of not only honey bees (Apis mellifera) but also other
non-managed bee species and their pollination services has come to light with
their recently reported declines. One contributing factor in these declines is
thought to be sub-lethal exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides such as
thiacloprid. However, current government regulatory agencies do not require the
assessment of insecticide toxicity on bee species other than the honey bee,
even though previous studies have demonstrated that sensitivity to insecticides
is not likely to be generalizable from honey bees to non-managed bee species.
Replicating standardized protocols and testing five different doses of
thiacloprid on individual caged bees, we assessed the acute contact toxicity by
calculating mortality and the lethal dose (LD₅₀) value for three bee
species with different life history traits: Apis
mellifera, Bombus terrestris, and Osmia bicornis. We found that Apis
mellifera and Osmia bicornis had
significantly higher mortality in comparison to Bombus terrestris, but there was no dose-dependent response for any
of the three bee species. Bee size and sex were also not useful predictors of
thiacloprid toxicity. These results suggest that solely relying on LD₅₀
values, especially when they do not produce a dose-dependent response, may be
misleading when assessing insecticide toxicity risk for honey bees and other
non-managed bee species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neonicotinoid, Thiacloprid, Bee health, Mortality, Toxicity

Neonikotinoidlerin Zehir Etkilerini Belirlemede LD50 Değerleri Farklı Arı Türleri İçin Yanıltıcı Bir Öngösterge Olabilir

Öz

 

Son yapılan kayıp raporları ile sadece bal arıları
değil diğer yabani arılar ve onların yaptığı tozlaşma hizmeti gündeme gelmiş
oldu. Bu kayıpların oluşmasında önemli faktörlerden biri örneğin thiacloprid
gibi neonikotinoid böcek öldürücülerin ölümcül etkinin altındaki dozları
düşünülmektedir. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalar göstermiştirki böcek öldürücülere
karşı duyarlılığı bal arıları üzerinde yapılan çalışmaları kullanarak yabani
arılar için genelleştirmek doğru olmaz. Gerçi güncel devlet düzenleme kurumları
bal arısı dışında diğer arılar üzerinde böcek öldürücüler ile ilgili
değerlendirmeyi gerekli görmez. Kafese konulmuş her bir arı üzerinde
thiacloprid’in beş farklı dozunu test ve standart protokolü tekrar ederek
farklı yaşam karakterlerine sahip üç farklı arı türü için ani temas ile
zehirlenmeyi ölüm oranlarını hesaplayarak ve ölümcül doz (LD₅₀)
değerlerini kullanarak belirledik. Bu çalışma ile Apis mellifera ve Osmia
bicornis türlerinde Bombus terrestris’e
göre ciddi derecede yüksek arı ölümleri tespit ettik. Fakat üç farklı arı türü
için doza bağlı bir reaksiyon görülmemiştir. Arı büyüklüğü ve cinsiyet
thiacloprid zehirlenmesi için yararlı bir öngösterge değildir. Bu sonuçlara
göre doza bağlı bir reaksiyon üretilmeden tamamen LD₅₀ değerlerine
güvenmek, bal arılarında ve yabani arı türlerinde böcek öldrücülerin zehir
seviyesini belirlemede yanıltıcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neonicotinoid, Thiacloprid, Arı sağlığı, Ölüm oranı, Zehirlilik

Kaynakça

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