Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Toplu Arı Ölümleri ve Koloni Çökme Bozukluğu (Ccd) Üzerine Bir Derleme

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 07 Sayı: 2, 63 - 69, 25.05.2007

İrfan Kandemir

Öz

Bu derlemede son günlerde medyayı son derece meşgul eden ve arıcılar arasında tedirginlik yaratan koloni çökme bozukluğu derinlemesine incelenmektedir. Hastalığın ortaya çıkması, özellikle ABD’de konu ile ilgili araştırmalar ve gelişmeler, hastalığa yol açan etmenler, öngörüler ve yapılması gerekenler özetlenerek aktarılmaktadır. ABD dışındaki ülkelerde ve Türkiye’de söz konusu hastalık ve durumun tartışılıp ülkemiz arıcılarının bilgilendirilmesi ve tavsiyelerde bulunulması amaç edinilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Koloni Çökme Bozukluğu, ABD, Arı ölümleri

A Review on Mass Honey Bee Losses in United States and Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD)

Öz

In late 2006, the drop in the U.S. honeybee population began and some beekeepers began reporting unexplained losses of 30 to 90 percent in honey bee colonies. The cause of the honeybee loss is not yet well understood and its existence remains unclear. Theories include environmental change-related stresses, malnutrition, unknown pathogens, mites, pesticides, disease, or low genetical diversity.
Until the cause is found, the syndrome is called "Colony Collapse Disorder" which threatens US agriculture. In the United States, honeybee pollination activities are estimated to add about $15billion a year in value to crops, especially almonds, berries and other fruits and vegetables. Congressional committee warned that lower crop yields and higher prices could result if a way is not found to combat CCD.
In order to find the cause of CCD, several laboratories in different universities, army and Bee Alert Technology were asked beekeepers’s assistance in reporting instances of honey bee CCD. Thus beekeepers were involved in the National Bee Loss Survey and the preliminary results showed that the CCD is widespread in 23 states of the USA. Besides USA, Canada and parts of Europe are also experiencing unexplained honeybee losses, but they do not know if it is part of the same phenomenon.
After looking at the differences between colonies showing CCD and disease free colonies from Florida, the CCD working group detected two new viruses that could be attributable to unknown honey bee losses. Although very preliminary, the results indicate that the method used was rapid, inexpensive, and has potential as a preliminary screen for unknown viruses.
The status of mass honey bee losses in Turkey is not yet known. Although some beekeepers reported the presence of honey bee losses, the causes of these losses are not determined whether they are due to CCD or not.
Keywords: Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), USA, Honey bee losses,

Anahtar Kelimeler

Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), USA, Honey bee losses

Kaynakça

• Burgett, M. 1999. Pacific Northwest honey bee pollination survey. Oregon State University.
• Handerson C., Tarver, L., Plummer, D., Seccomb, R., Debnam, S., Rice, S., Bromenshenk, J. 2007. US National Bee Colony Loss Survey: Preliminary findings with respect to Colony Collapse Disorder. Bee Alert TEchnology Inc. March 26, 2007.
• Morse, R.A., Calderone, N.W. 2000. The Value of Honey Bees as Pollinators of U.S. crops in 2000, March 2000, Cornell University.
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• Robinson, W.S., Nowogrodzki, R., Morse, A. 1989b. The value of honey bees as pollinators of US crops. Part II. American Bee Journal, 129(7): 477–487.
• Sheppard, W.S. 1989a. A history of the introduction of honey bee races into the United States. Part I. American Bee Journal, 129: 617–619.
• Sheppard, W.S. 1989b. A history of the introduction of honey bee races into the United States. Part II. American Bee Journal, 129: 644–667.
• Southwick, E.E., Southwick, L. 1992. Estimating economic value of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as agricultural pollinators in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85: 621– 633.
• Southwick, L., Southwick, E.E. 1989. A comment on “The value of honey bees as pollinators of US crops” American Bee Journal, 129: 805-807.
• Van Engelsdorp, D., Cow Foster, D. Frazier, M., Ostiguy, N., Hayes, J. 2006. “Fall dwindle Disease: Investigations into the causes of sudden and alarming beekeepers in the fall of 2006. Dec 15, 2006. experienced by