Üretim Performansı ve Apis mellifera scutellata Arı Irkı Tarafından Gerçekleştirilen Çeşitli Önemli Davranışlar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 211 - 226, 13.11.2022

Alayu Tarekegn Mulisa Faji Alemayehu Abebe

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1181552

Öz

Bal arısı kolonileri, genetik kökene ve çevresel faktörlere bağlı olarak çok çeşitli davranış farklılıkları sergiler. Bu nedenle, bal arısı ırklarının performans değerlendirmesi, Etiyopya'da gelecekteki seçim ve iyileştirme için bir temel oluşturmak için kritik öneme sahiptir. Kovanda bulunan kaynaklara benzer otuz Apis mellifera scutellata kolonisi geliştirilmiş kutu kovanlarda tutuldu ve aktif mevsim ve kıtlık mevsimi boyunca çeşitli davranışlarla değerlendirildi (örn; üreme, oğul eğilimi, yayılma davranışı, savunma, hijyenik davranış, yavru ve bal üretimi ve kovan terk). İnceleme alanında A. m. scutellata ırkı, aktif sezonda, kovan başına yılda 3,42 ana yüksüğü hazırlamasıyla, daha yüksek bir oğul verme eğilimine sahiptir. Aktif sezonda savunma davranışı, rahatsızlıklardan sonra ortalama 25.41 saniye sürüyor ve 212.20 metrelik bir mesafeyi takip etmektedir. Ancak kıtlık mevsiminde, koloninin rahatsızlıktan sonra saldırganlığa ulaşması biraz uzun sürmekte (31.28 saniye) ve gözlemciyi kısa bir mesafe (45.58 metre) takip etmektedir. Aktif sezonda kapalı kuluçka üretimi daha yüksektir (kovan başına 149 ünite) ve kovan başına nektar üretimi kıtlık dönemine göre %50 azalmıştır. Çerçeve başına verim performansı 1,3 kg ile 1,5 kg arasında değişmekte ve hasat başına ortalama 14 kg bal alınmıştır. A. m. scutellata, herhangi bir rahatsızlık olması durumunda %34.5'lik bir kaçma eğilimi sergilemektedir. Bunun yanında hijyenik davranışlarda iyi performans göstermekte (>%95), ancak savunma davranışında istenmeyen davranışlar ve oğul verme eğilimleri bal arılarını yönetmeyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, ırk, yayılma ve hijyenik davranışlarda iyi bir performansa sahiptir. Ayrıca, gelecekte seleksiyon ve ıslah çalışmaları ile savunma ve oğul verme eğilimi azaltılarak üretim performansını artırılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

A. m. scutellata, Bal verimi, Hijyen, Kaçma, Saldırganlık

PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND VARIOUS IMPORTANT BEHAVIORS PERFORMED BY THE Apis mellifera scutellata BEE RACE

Öz

Honey bee colonies exhibit a wide range of behavioral variations depending on genetic origin and environmental factors. Therefore, the performance evaluation of honey bee races is critical to laying a foundation for future selection and improvement in Ethiopia. Thirty colonies of Apis mellifera scutellata (A. m. scutellata) similar in resources contained in the hive were kept in improved box hives and evaluated through various behaviors (i.e. Reproductive swarming tendency, foraging activity, defensive behavior, hygienic behavior, brood population, honey production, and absconding behavior) during the active season and dearth season. In the study area, the A. m. scutellata race has a higher swarming tendency in the active season, with up to 3.42 queen caps per hive prepared per year. Defensive behavior during the active season takes an average of 25.41 seconds after disturbances and follows up to a 212.20-meter distance. But during the dearth season, the colony slightly took a long time to reach aggressiveness after disturbance (31.28 seconds) and followed the observer for a short distance (45.58 meters). The closed brood production is higher (149 units per hive) during the active season and nectar production units per hive are reduced by 50% as compared to the dearth season. The yielding performance of the race per frame ranged from 1.3 kg to 1.5 kg, and an average of 14 kg of honey per harvest. The A. m. scutellata exhibited an absconding tendency of 34.5% if there was any disruption. A. m. scutellata showed good performance in hygienic behaviors (>95%), but undesirable behaviors in defensive behavior, and swarming tendencies make it difficult to manage honey bees. However, the race has good performance in foraging and hygienic behaviors. Further, studies of the honey bee race through selection and breeding could be conducted to reduce the higher defensive and swarming tendency of A. m. scutellata to improve production performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

A. m. scutellata, Honey yield, Hygiene, Absconding, Aggressiveness, A. m. scutellata, Bal verimi, Hijyen, Kaçma, Saldırganlık

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