PHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF RANUNCULUS ARVENSIS L. FLOWER POLLEN: IN VITRO AND SILICO INSIGHTS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 61 - 72, 30.05.2025

Aziza Huseynova , Elsevar Asadov , Houssem Boulebd , Salah Akkal

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1631570

Öz

Ranunculus arvensis L., although classified as a poisonous plant, holds significant value in medicine, food, and apiculture. Its pollen is actively collected by various bee species, including honeybees, and stored as a vital nutritional reserve for their larvae. This study investigates the polyphenol and flavonoid content, as well as the antioxidant properties, of R. arvensis flower pollen. The antioxidant activity of the pollen, sourced from the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, was measured as 179.102 ± 1.5919 μmol FeSO₄·7H₂O/g dw using the FRAP method and 0.137 ± 0.015 mg/mL using the DPPH method. The phenolic content of the methanolic extract was determined to be 17.952 ± 0.160 mg/g, while the flavonoid content was 5.660 ± 0.055 mg/g. Phenolic profiling via HPLC identified six key compounds: ferulic acid (521.163 µg/g), caffeic acid (170.119 µg/g), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (46.529 µg/g), protocatechuic acid (22.377 µg/g), chrysin (11.353 µg/g), and pinocembrin (10.953 µg/g). Quantum chemistry calculations revealed that ferulic acid and caffeic acid, the most abundant phenolic compounds, exhibited the most favorable profiles for antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that these two compounds are the primary contributors to the antioxidant potential of the pollen extract. Given the nutritional and pharmacological significance of bee products, continued investigation into the phytochemical composition of flower pollen is essential to better understand its functional properties and applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ranunculus arvensis , Plant pollen , Polyphenol , Flavonoid , Antioxidant , Bee food

Ranunculus arvensis L. Çı̇çek Polenlerı̇nı̇n Fenolı̇k Bı̇leşı̇mı̇ ve Antı̇oksı̇dan Özellı̇klerı̇: in Vı̇tro ve Siliko Görüşler

Öz

Ranunculus arvensis L., zehirli bir bitki olarak sınıflandırılmasına rağmen, tıp, gıda ve arıcılıkta önemli bir değere sahiptir. Poleni, bal arıları da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli arı türleri tarafından aktif olarak toplanır ve larvaları için hayati bir besin rezervi olarak depolanır. Bu çalışma, R. arvensis çiçek poleninin polifenol ve flavonoid içeriğinin yanı sıra antioksidan özelliklerini araştırmaktadır. Nahçıvan Özerk Cumhuriyeti'nden elde edilen polenin antioksidan aktivitesi FRAP yöntemi kullanılarak 179,102 ± 1,5919 μmol FeSO₄-7H₂O/g dw ve DPPH yöntemi kullanılarak 0,137 ± 0,015 mg/mL olarak ölçülmüştür. Metanolik ekstraktın fenolik içeriği 17.952 ± 0.160 mg/g, flavonoid içeriği ise 5.660 ± 0.055 mg/g olarak belirlenmiştir. HPLC yoluyla yapılan fenolik profilleme altı temel bileşiği tanımlamıştır: ferulik asit (521.163 µg/g), kafeik asit (170.119 µg/g), p-hidroksibenzoik asit (46.529 µg/g), protokateşuik asit (22.377 µg/g), krisin (11.353 µg/g) ve pinokembrin (10.953 µg/g). Kuantum kimyası hesaplamaları, en bol bulunan fenolik bileşikler olan ferulik asit ve kafeik asidin antioksidan aktivite için en uygun profilleri sergilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, bu iki bileşiğin polen ekstraktının antioksidan potansiyeline birincil katkıda bulunan bileşikler olduğunu göstermektedir. Arı ürünlerinin besinsel ve farmakolojik önemi göz önüne alındığında, çiçek poleninin fitokimyasal bileşiminin sürekli araştırılması, fonksiyonel özelliklerinin daha iyi anlaşılması için gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ranunculus arvensis , Bitki poleni , Polifenol , Flavonoid , Antioksidan , Arı besini

Kaynakça

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