Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

IBN AL-MALĀḤIMĪ’S CRITICISM OF PHILOSOPHERS’ VIEWS ON GOD’S KNOWLEDGE OF PARTICULARS

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 47 - 65, 01.11.2018

Öz

One of the controversial arguments of Islamic philosophers is that, according
to them, God knows particulars as universals. For al-Ghazālī, such an argument
means that God does not know particulars, whereupon he accuses philosophers for
falling into unbelief (kufr). The
foregoing accusation by al-Ghazālī makes this argument an ever-green point of
debate for Islamic theology (kalām) and philosophy. Ibn al-Malā
imī,
the Mu
ʿtalizite
theologian, is among the criticisers of mentioned philosophical view. Addressing
the problem in his Tu
fat al-mutakallimīn fī al-radd ʿalā al-Falāsifa, Ibn al-Malāimī, however, brings forth an approach different
from that of al-Ghazālī. Contrary to al-Ghazālī, he does not interpret the
philosophers’ view as an argument that God does not know particulars. Indeed,
according to Ibn al-Malā
imī, philosophers already accept that God does
not know particulars. Therefore, his main objective is to refute the view that God
does not know particulars. For this purpose, Ibn al-Malā
imī
tries to explain that knowledge of particulars does not lead to any change in
the self/essence (dhāt) of God. There
is a unique aspect to the perspective of Ibn al-Malā
imī. According to him, even though philosophers
deny that God knows particulars, their view actually means God does know
particulars

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Rahim, “Reconsidering Avicenna’s Position on God’s Knowledge of Particulars”, Interpreting Avicenna: Science and Philosophy in Medieval Islam (eds. Jon McGinnis – David C. Reisman; Leiden – Boston: Brill 2004), pp. 142-156.
  • Acar, Rahim, “Yaratan Bilmezse Kim Bilir? İbn Sînâ’ya Göre Allah’ın Cüz’îleri Bilmesi”, İslâm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13 (2005), pp. 1-23.
  • Al-Andarasbānī, ʿAbd al-Salām b. Muḥammad, Fī sīrat al-Zamakhsharī Jār Allāh (ed. ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Yāfī; in Revue Academie Arabe de Damas, 57/3 [1982], pp. 365-382).
  • Anṣārī, Ḥasan, “Kitāb-i tāza-yi yāb dar naqd-i falsafa: Paydā shudan-i Kitāb-i Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn-i Malāḥimī”, Nashr-i dānish, 18/3 (2001), pp. 31-32.
  • Al-Baḥrānī, Kamāl al-Dīn Mītham b. ʿAlī b. Mītham, Qawāʿid al-marām fī ʿilm al-kalām (ed. Aḥmad al-Ḥusaynī; n.p.: Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓmā al-Marʿashī al-Najafī 1985).
  • Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Tahāfut al-Falāsifa (ed. Maurice Bouyges; Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique 1927).
  • Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Maqāṣid al-Falāsifa (ed. Suleimān Dunyā; Cairo: Dār al-maʿārif 1961).
  • Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, al-Munqidh min al-ḍalāl (ed. Jamīl Ṣalībā – Kāmil ʿAyyād; Beirut: Dār al-Andalus 1967).
  • Griffel, Frank, “Theology Engages with Avicennan Philosophy: al-Ghazālī’s Tahāfut al-falāsifa and Ibn al-Malāḥimī’s Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn fī l-radd ʿalā l-falāsifa”, The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology (ed. Sabine Schmidtke; Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016), pp. 435-455.
  • Ibn al-Malāḥimī, Rukn al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad al-Khuwārazmī, Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn fī al-radd ʿalā al-falāsifa (eds. Hassan Ansari – Wilferd Madelung; Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy – Institute of Islamic Studies Free University of Berlin 2008).
  • Ibn Rushd, Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, 2 vols., (ed. Suleiman Dunyā; Cairo: Dār al-maʿārif 1980).
  • Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Risāla al-ʿarshiyya fī ḥaqāʾiq al-tawḥīd wa ithbāt al-nubuwwa (ed. Ibrāhīm Hilāl; Cairo: Jāmiʿat al-Azhar 1980).
  • Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Ishārāt wa al-tanbīhāt, 4 vols., (ed. Suleimān Dunyā; Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Nuʿmān 1992-93).
  • Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Taʿlīqāt (ed. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī; Qum: Maktab al-iʿlāmī al-Islāmī 1404 AH).
  • Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Shifāʾ/al-Ilāhiyyāt, I (eds. G. Anawati – Saʿīd Zāyed; Cairo: Wizārat al-thaqāfa 1960).
  • Ibn Taymiyya, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm, Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa al-naql (Muwāfaqat ṣaḥīḥ al-manqūl li-ṣarīḥ al-maʿqūl), 11 vols., (ed. M. Rashād Sālim; Riyadh: Wizārat al-taʿlīm al-ʿālī – Jāmiʿat al-Imām Muḥammad b. Suʿūd al-Islāmiyya 1991).
  • Koloğlu, Orhan Şener, Mutezile’nin Felsefe Eleştirisi: Harezmli Mutezilî İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin Felsefeye Reddiyesi (Bursa: Emin Yayınları 2010).
  • Koloğlu, Orhan Şener, “İbnü’l-Melâhimî”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), Annex-1, 616-619.
  • Kutluer, İlhan, İbn Sînâ Ontolojisinde Zorunlu Varlık (Istanbul: İz Yayıncılık 2002).
  • Madelung, Wilferd, “Ibn al-Malāḥimī’s Refutation of the Philosophers”, A Common Rationality: Muʿtazilism in Islam and Judaism (eds. Camilla Adang, Sabine Schmidtke – David Sklare; Würzburg: Ergon Verlag 2007), pp. 331-336.
  • Madelung, Wilferd, “Ibn al-Malāḥimī”, Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History (eds. David Thomas – Alex Mallett; Leiden – Boston: Brill 2011), III, 440-443.
  • Marmura, Michael E., “Some Aspects of Avicenna’s Theory of God’s Knowledge of Particulars”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 82/3 (1962), pp. 299-312.
  • McDermott, Martin – Madelung, Wilferd, “Introduction” to Rukn al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad Ibn al-Malāḥimī al-Khuwārazmī’s Kitāb al-Muʿtamad fī uṣūl al-dīn (eds. Martin McDermott – Wilferd Madelung; London: Al-Hoda 1991), pp. iii-xvi.
  • Qāḍī al-Quḍāt ʿAbd al-Jabbār b. Aḥmad al-Hamadānī, al-Mughnī fī abwāb al-tawḥīd wa al-ʿadl, VI/2: al-Irāda (ed. George C. Anawati; Cairo: al-Muʾassasa al-Miṣriyya al-ʿāmma li-al-taʾlīf wa al-tarjama wa al-ṭibāʿa wa al-nashr 1962).
  • Al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, al-Mabāḥith al-mashriqiyya fī ʿilm al-ilāhiyyāt wa al-ṭabīʿiyyāt, 2 vols., (ed. Muḥammad al-Muʿtaṣim-billāh al-Baghdādī; Beirut: Dār al-kitāb al-ʿArabī 1990).
  • Al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, Muḥaṣṣal afkār al-mutaqaddimīn wa al-mutaʾakhkhirīn (ed. Samīḥ Dughaym; Beirut: Dār al-fikr al-Lubnānī 1992).
  • Al-Shahrastānī, Abū al-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm, Nihāyat al-iqdām fī ʿilm al-kalām (ed. Alfred Guillaume; London: Oxford University Press 1934).
  • Al-Shahrastānī, Abū al-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm, Kitāb al-muṣāraʿa (under the title of Struggling with the Philosopher: A Refutation of Avicenna’s Metaphysics, ed. and Eng. trs. Wilferd Madelung – Toby Mayer; London – New York: I.B. Tauris 2001).
  • Al-Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan, Talkhīṣ al-Muḥaṣṣal (ed. ʿAbd Allāh Nūrānī; Tehran: Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University Tehran Branch 1980).
  • Ülken, Hilmi Ziya, “İbn Sînâ’nın Din Felsefesi”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4/1-2 (1955), pp. 81-94.

İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin Felsefecilerin Allah’ın Cüz’iyyâta Yönelik Bilgisi Hakkındaki Görüşlerini Eleştirisi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 47 - 65, 01.11.2018

Öz

İslâm
felsefecilerinin tepki çeken görüşlerinden biri de Allah’ın cüz’î olguları
küllî olarak bildiği şeklindeki görüşleridir. Gazzâlî bu görüşün Allah’ın cüz’î
olguları bilmediği anlamına geldiğini söylemiş ve felsefecileri küfre düşmekle
itham etmiştir. Özellikle Gazzâlî’nin bu ithamı nedeniyle söz konusu görüş
kelâm-felsefe tartışmalarında sürekli gündeme gelmiştir. Felsefecilerin bu
görüşünü eleştirenlerden biri de Mutezilî kelâmcı İbnü’l-Melâhimî’dir. Tuhfetü’l-mütekellimîn
fi’r-redd ale’l-Felâsife
adlı eserinde konuyu derinliğine ele alan
İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin konuya yaklaşımı Gazzâlî’den farklıdır. Gazzâlî’nin aksine
o, felsefecilerin bu görüşünü Allah’ın cüz’î olguları bilmediği sonucuna
sürüklemeye çalışmaz. Zira, ona göre, felsefeciler zaten Allah’ın cüz’î
olguları bilmediğini kabul etmektedir. Bu yüzden onun esas hedefi Allah’ın
cüz’î olguları bilmediği düşüncesini reddetmektir. Bu amaçla o, esas itibariyle
cüz’î olguları bilmenin Allah’ın zâtında değişikliğe yol açmayacağını
kanıtlamaya çalışır. Mamafih onun yaklaşımındaki orijinal yön, felsefecilerin
görüşünün, her ne kadar onlar Allah’ın cüz’î olguları bildiğini inkâr etseler
de, Allah’ın cüz’î olguları bildiği anlamına geldiğini ortaya koymaya
çalışmasıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Rahim, “Reconsidering Avicenna’s Position on God’s Knowledge of Particulars”, Interpreting Avicenna: Science and Philosophy in Medieval Islam (eds. Jon McGinnis – David C. Reisman; Leiden – Boston: Brill 2004), pp. 142-156.
  • Acar, Rahim, “Yaratan Bilmezse Kim Bilir? İbn Sînâ’ya Göre Allah’ın Cüz’îleri Bilmesi”, İslâm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13 (2005), pp. 1-23.
  • Al-Andarasbānī, ʿAbd al-Salām b. Muḥammad, Fī sīrat al-Zamakhsharī Jār Allāh (ed. ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Yāfī; in Revue Academie Arabe de Damas, 57/3 [1982], pp. 365-382).
  • Anṣārī, Ḥasan, “Kitāb-i tāza-yi yāb dar naqd-i falsafa: Paydā shudan-i Kitāb-i Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn-i Malāḥimī”, Nashr-i dānish, 18/3 (2001), pp. 31-32.
  • Al-Baḥrānī, Kamāl al-Dīn Mītham b. ʿAlī b. Mītham, Qawāʿid al-marām fī ʿilm al-kalām (ed. Aḥmad al-Ḥusaynī; n.p.: Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓmā al-Marʿashī al-Najafī 1985).
  • Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Tahāfut al-Falāsifa (ed. Maurice Bouyges; Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique 1927).
  • Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Maqāṣid al-Falāsifa (ed. Suleimān Dunyā; Cairo: Dār al-maʿārif 1961).
  • Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, al-Munqidh min al-ḍalāl (ed. Jamīl Ṣalībā – Kāmil ʿAyyād; Beirut: Dār al-Andalus 1967).
  • Griffel, Frank, “Theology Engages with Avicennan Philosophy: al-Ghazālī’s Tahāfut al-falāsifa and Ibn al-Malāḥimī’s Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn fī l-radd ʿalā l-falāsifa”, The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology (ed. Sabine Schmidtke; Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016), pp. 435-455.
  • Ibn al-Malāḥimī, Rukn al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad al-Khuwārazmī, Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn fī al-radd ʿalā al-falāsifa (eds. Hassan Ansari – Wilferd Madelung; Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy – Institute of Islamic Studies Free University of Berlin 2008).
  • Ibn Rushd, Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, 2 vols., (ed. Suleiman Dunyā; Cairo: Dār al-maʿārif 1980).
  • Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Risāla al-ʿarshiyya fī ḥaqāʾiq al-tawḥīd wa ithbāt al-nubuwwa (ed. Ibrāhīm Hilāl; Cairo: Jāmiʿat al-Azhar 1980).
  • Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Ishārāt wa al-tanbīhāt, 4 vols., (ed. Suleimān Dunyā; Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Nuʿmān 1992-93).
  • Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Taʿlīqāt (ed. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī; Qum: Maktab al-iʿlāmī al-Islāmī 1404 AH).
  • Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Shifāʾ/al-Ilāhiyyāt, I (eds. G. Anawati – Saʿīd Zāyed; Cairo: Wizārat al-thaqāfa 1960).
  • Ibn Taymiyya, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm, Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa al-naql (Muwāfaqat ṣaḥīḥ al-manqūl li-ṣarīḥ al-maʿqūl), 11 vols., (ed. M. Rashād Sālim; Riyadh: Wizārat al-taʿlīm al-ʿālī – Jāmiʿat al-Imām Muḥammad b. Suʿūd al-Islāmiyya 1991).
  • Koloğlu, Orhan Şener, Mutezile’nin Felsefe Eleştirisi: Harezmli Mutezilî İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin Felsefeye Reddiyesi (Bursa: Emin Yayınları 2010).
  • Koloğlu, Orhan Şener, “İbnü’l-Melâhimî”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), Annex-1, 616-619.
  • Kutluer, İlhan, İbn Sînâ Ontolojisinde Zorunlu Varlık (Istanbul: İz Yayıncılık 2002).
  • Madelung, Wilferd, “Ibn al-Malāḥimī’s Refutation of the Philosophers”, A Common Rationality: Muʿtazilism in Islam and Judaism (eds. Camilla Adang, Sabine Schmidtke – David Sklare; Würzburg: Ergon Verlag 2007), pp. 331-336.
  • Madelung, Wilferd, “Ibn al-Malāḥimī”, Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History (eds. David Thomas – Alex Mallett; Leiden – Boston: Brill 2011), III, 440-443.
  • Marmura, Michael E., “Some Aspects of Avicenna’s Theory of God’s Knowledge of Particulars”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 82/3 (1962), pp. 299-312.
  • McDermott, Martin – Madelung, Wilferd, “Introduction” to Rukn al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad Ibn al-Malāḥimī al-Khuwārazmī’s Kitāb al-Muʿtamad fī uṣūl al-dīn (eds. Martin McDermott – Wilferd Madelung; London: Al-Hoda 1991), pp. iii-xvi.
  • Qāḍī al-Quḍāt ʿAbd al-Jabbār b. Aḥmad al-Hamadānī, al-Mughnī fī abwāb al-tawḥīd wa al-ʿadl, VI/2: al-Irāda (ed. George C. Anawati; Cairo: al-Muʾassasa al-Miṣriyya al-ʿāmma li-al-taʾlīf wa al-tarjama wa al-ṭibāʿa wa al-nashr 1962).
  • Al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, al-Mabāḥith al-mashriqiyya fī ʿilm al-ilāhiyyāt wa al-ṭabīʿiyyāt, 2 vols., (ed. Muḥammad al-Muʿtaṣim-billāh al-Baghdādī; Beirut: Dār al-kitāb al-ʿArabī 1990).
  • Al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, Muḥaṣṣal afkār al-mutaqaddimīn wa al-mutaʾakhkhirīn (ed. Samīḥ Dughaym; Beirut: Dār al-fikr al-Lubnānī 1992).
  • Al-Shahrastānī, Abū al-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm, Nihāyat al-iqdām fī ʿilm al-kalām (ed. Alfred Guillaume; London: Oxford University Press 1934).
  • Al-Shahrastānī, Abū al-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm, Kitāb al-muṣāraʿa (under the title of Struggling with the Philosopher: A Refutation of Avicenna’s Metaphysics, ed. and Eng. trs. Wilferd Madelung – Toby Mayer; London – New York: I.B. Tauris 2001).
  • Al-Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan, Talkhīṣ al-Muḥaṣṣal (ed. ʿAbd Allāh Nūrānī; Tehran: Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University Tehran Branch 1980).
  • Ülken, Hilmi Ziya, “İbn Sînâ’nın Din Felsefesi”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4/1-2 (1955), pp. 81-94.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Orhan Şener Koloğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Koloğlu, Orhan Şener. “IBN AL-MALĀḤIMĪ’S CRITICISM OF PHILOSOPHERS’ VIEWS ON GOD’S KNOWLEDGE OF PARTICULARS”. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 27/2 (Kasım 2018), 47-65.

25955

Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY-NC 4.0) ile lisanslanmıştır.