Din ve Çağdaş Sosyolojik Kuramlar

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 203 - 224, 01.11.2018

Bryan S. Turner Çevirmen: Yasemin Davarcı

Öz

20.
yüzyılın sonu ve 21. yüzyılın başında din sosyolojisi teorik ve ampirik
araştırmalarda dikkate değer bir büyüme kaydetmiştir. Bilimsel konsensüs
modernleşme teorisi ile ilişkili erken sekülerleşme tezinin yanıltıcı ve basit
olduğunu ya da öncelikle Kuzey Avrupa ile ilgili olduğunu savunmaktadır. Avrupa
çerçevesinin ötesinde, dinin toplum, kültür ve siyasette önemli bir rol
oynamaya devam ettiğine dair yeterli kanıt bulunmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan dünyada
kentleşme ile birlikte dindarlıkta ve dini canlanmada artış meydana gelmiştir. Din,
bu yüzyılda tüm dünyada siyasi ve ideolojik mücadelelerde önemli bir faktör
olacaktır. Bununla birlikte, bu siyasal çatışmalara odaklanmanın olumsuz yönlerinden
biri, radikal İslam ve dini şiddetin diğer tezahürleri üzerine aşırı
yoğunlaşmış olmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tüketim, Küreselleşme, Maddecilik, Post-Sekülerleşme, Halk Dinleri, Sekülerleşme, Maneviyat

Religion and Contemporary Sociological Theories

Öz

In
the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the sociology of religion enjoyed a
remarkable growth in both theory and empirical research. The scholarly
consensus argues that the early secularization thesis associated with
modernization theory was misleading and simplistic, or that it was primarily
relevant to northern Europe. Beyond the European framework, there is ample
evidence that religion continues to play a major role in society, culture and
politics. With urbanization in the developing world, there has come increasing
piety and religious revivalism. Religion will be a major factor in political
and ideological struggles across the globe in this century. One negative aspect
of this focus on political conflict, however, has been an over-concentration on
radical Islam and other manifestations of religious violence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Consumerism, Globalization, Materiality, Post-Secularization, Public Religions, Secularization, Spirituality

Kaynakça

• Asad, T. (1993) The Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Asad, T. (2003) Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
• Badiou, A. (2003) Saint Paul: The Foundation of Universalism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
• Bailey, E. (1990) The implicit religion of contemporary society: Some studies and reflections. Social Compass 37(4): 483-497.
• Beckford, J. and Gilliat, S. (1998) Religion in Prison: Equal Rites in a Multi-faith Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Bellah, R.N. (1957) Tokugawa Religion: The Values of Pre-industrial Japan. New York: Free Press.
• Bellah, R.N. (1967) Civil religion in America. Daedalus 96 (Winter): 1-27.
• Bellah, R.N. (1978) Religion and legitimation in the American republic. Society 15: 16-23.
• Bellah, R.N. (2011) Religion in Human Evolution: From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
• Bellah, R.N. and Joas, H. (eds) (2012) The Axial Age and its Consequences. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
• Bender, C. (2003) Heaven's Kitchen: Living Religion at God's Love We Deliver. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
• Bender, C. (2010) The New Metaphysicals: Spirituality and the American Religion Imagination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Bender, C., Cadge, W., Levitt, P. and Smilde, D. (eds) (2013) Religion on the Edge: Decentering and Re-centering the Sociology of Religion. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Berger, P.L. (1967) The Sacred Canopy. New York: Doubleday.
• Berger, P.L. (ed.) (1999) The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics. Grand Rapids, MI: Erdmans Publishing.
• Berger, P.L., Davie, G. and Fokas. E. (2008) Religious America, Secular Europe? Aldershot: Ashgate.
• Berger, P.L. and Luckmann, T. (1967) The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Doubleday.
• Beyer, P. (1994) Religion and Globalization. London: Sage.
• Beyer, P. (2006) Religions in Global Society. London: Routledge.
• Bourdieu, P. (1962) The Algerians. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
• Bruce, S. (1999) Choice and Religion: A Critique of Rational Choice Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Bruce, S. (2002) God is Dead: Secularisation in the West. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Buatista, J. (ed.) (2012) The Spirit of Things: Materiality and Religious Diversity in Southeast Asia. New York: Cornell University Press.
• Bullivant, S. (2012) Not so indifferent after all? Self-conscious atheism and the secularisation thesis. Approaching Religion 2(1): 100-106.
• Cadge, W. (2013) Paging God: Religion in the Halls of Medicine. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
• Calhoun, C., Mendieta, E. and VanAntwerpen, J. (eds) (2013) Habermas and Religion. Cambridge: Polity.
• Casanova, J. (1994) Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Cesari, J. (ed.) (2010) Muslims in the West after 9/11. London: Routledge.
• Chaves, M. (2011) American Religion: Contemporary Trends. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
• Davie, G. (1994) Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without Belonging. Oxford: Blackwell.
• De Tocqueville, A. (1968) Democracy in America. Glasgow: Collins. Eisenstadt, S.N. (ed.) (1986) The Origins and Diversity of Axial Age Civilizations. Albany: State University of New York Press.
• Eisenstadt, S.N. (1996) Japanese Civilization: A Comparative View. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Eliade, M. (1961) The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. New York: Harper.
• Elliott, A. and Turner, B.S. (2012) On Society. Cambridge: Polity.
• Fetzer, J.S. and Soper, J.C. (2005) Muslims and the State in Britain, France and Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Gitlin, T. (2012) Occupy Nation: The Roots, the Spirit and the Promise of Occupy Wall Street. New York: Harper Collins.
• Goldman, M. (2012) American Soul Rush: Esalen and the Rise of Spiritual Privilege. New York: NYU Press.
• Habermas, J. (2006) Religion in the public sphere. European Journal of Philosophy 14(1): 1-25.
• Haddad, Y.Y. (2011) Becoming American? The Forging of Arab and Muslim Identity in Pluralist America. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press.
• Hafez, S. (2011) An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements. New York and London: New York University.
• Hansen, K.P. (2012) Military Chaplains and Religious Diversity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Heelas, P. (1996) The New Age Movement: Religion, Culture and Society in the Age of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell. Herberg, W. (1955) Protestant, Catholic Jew. New York: Doubleday.
• Hervieu-Leger, D. (2000) Religion as a Chain of Memory. Cambridge: Polity Press.
• Hodgson, M. G. S. (1993) Rethinking World History: Essays on Europe, Islam and World History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Huntington, S.P. (1993) The clash of civilizations. Foreign Affairs 72(3): 22-48. Jain K (2006) Gods in the Bazaar: The Economies of Indian Calendar Art. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
• James, W. (1929) The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study of Human Nature. London: Longmans, Green and Company. Jaspers, K. (1953) The Origin and Goal of History. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
• Joppke, C. and Torpey. J. (2013) The Legal Integration of Islam: A TransAtlantic Comparison. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Joseph, S. (ed.) (2000) Gender and Citizenship in the Middle East. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
• Josephson, J.A. (2012) The Invention of Religion in Japan. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
• Juergensmeyer, M. (2003) Terror on the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Keskin, T. (ed.) (2011) The Sociology of Islam: Secularism, Economy and Politics. Reading, MA: Ithaca Press.
• Kitiarsa, P. (2007) Religious Commodification in Asia: Marketing Gods. London: Routledge.
• Lehmann, D. (2010) Rational choice and the sociology of religion. In: Turner BS (ed.) The New Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Religion. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 181-220.
• Lin, C., MacGregor, C. and Putnam, R. (2010) Secular and liminal: Discovering heterogeneity among religious nones. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 49(4): 596-618.
• Luckmann, T. (1967) The Invisible Religion: The Problem of Religion in Modern Society. New York:Macmillan.
• Mahmood, S. (2005) Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Books.
• Martin, D. (1969) The Religious and the Secular: Studies in Secularization. London: Schocken Books.
• Martin, D. (1978) A General Theory of Secularization. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Martin, D. (2002) Pentecostalism: A World Their Parish. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Masuzawa, T. (2005) The Invention of World Religions or How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Mellor, P.A. and Shilling, C. (1997) Re-forming the Body. London: Sage.
• Momigliano, A. (1997) On Pagans, Jews, and Christians. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press.
• National Intelligence Council (2012) Global Trends 2030: Alternative Worlds. United States.
• Niebuhr, H.R. (1929) The Social Sources of Denominationalism. New York: H. Holt and Company.
• Nisbet, R. (1990) The Quest for Community: A Study in the Ethics of Order and Freedom. San Francisco: ICS Press.
• Palmer, S.J. (2011) The New Heretics of France: Minority Religions, La Republique, and the Government sponsored 'War on Sects'. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Parsons, T. (1974) Religion in postindustrial America: The problem of secularization. Social Research 51(1-2): 193-225.
• Possamai, A. (ed.) (2012) Handbook of Hyper-real Religions. Leiden: Brill.
• Putnam, R.D. and Campbell, D.E. (2010) American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites us. New York: Simon and Schuster.
• Rey, T. (2007) Bourdieu on Religion: Imposing Faith and Legitimacy. London: Equinox.
• Ricoeur, P. and MacIntyre, A. (1969) The Religious Significance of Atheism. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Robbins, D. (2012) French Post-war Social Theory. London: Sage.
• Robertson, R. (1970) The Sociological Interpretation of Religion. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Robertson, R. (1992) Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture. London: Sage.
• Robertson, R. and Garrett, W.R. (eds) (1991) Religion and Global Order. New York: Paragon House.
• Robinson, K. (2009) Gender Islam and Democracy in Indonesia. London and New York: Routledge.
• Roof, W.C. (1993) A Generation of Seekers: The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation. San Francisco: Harper.
• Roof, W.C. (1999) Spiritual Marketplace: Baby Boomers and the Remaking of American Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Rousseau, J-J. (1956) The Creed of a Priest of Savoy. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company.
• Rousseau, J-J. (1973) The Social Contract and Discourses. London: Dent.
• Roy, O. (1994) The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Roy, O. (2010) Holy Ignorance: When Religion and Culture Part Ways. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Said, E.W. (1978) Orientalism. London: Routledge.
• Sinha, V. (2010) Religion and Commodification: Merchandizing Diasporic Hinduism. London: Routledge.
• Smidt, C.E. (2013) American Evangelicals Today. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
• Stark, R. and Bainbridge, W.S. (1987) A Theory of Religion. New York: P Lang.
• Stark, R. and Finke, R. (2000) Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Sun, A. (2013) Confucianism as a World Religion: Contested Histories and Contemporary Realities. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
• Susen, S. and Turner, B.S. (eds) (2011) The Legacy of Pierre Bourdieu: Critical Essays. London: Anthem Press.
• Taubes, J. (2004) The Political Theology of Paul. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
• Thompson, E.P. (1963) The Making of the English Working Class. London: Gollancz.
• Thumma, S. and Travis, D. (2007) Beyond the Megachurch Myths. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
• Torpey J (2010) American exceptionalism. In: Turner BS (ed.) The New Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Religion. Oxford: Blackwell-Wiley, pp. 141-159.
• Troeltsch, E. (1931) Social Teaching of the Christian Churches. New York: Macmillan.
• Turner, B.S. (ed.) (2012) The Routledge Handbook of Body Studies. London: Routledge.
• Turner, B.S. (2013) The Religious and the Political: A Comparative Sociology of Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Van den Breemer, R., Casanova, J. and Wyller, T. (eds) (2013) Secular and Sacred? The Scandinavian Case of Religion in Human Rights, Law and Public Space. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
• Weber, M. (1951) The Religion of China. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
• Weber, M. (1958) The Religion of India. New York: Free Press.
• Weber, M. (1978) Economy and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Wilson, B. (1966) Religion in a Secular Society. London: Watts.
• Wilson, B. (ed.) (1967) Patterns of Sectarianism, Organization and Ideology in Social and Religious Movements. London: Heinemann Educational Books. Wood, M. (2010) The sociology of spirituality: Reflections on a problematic endeavor. In: Turner, B.S. (ed.) The New Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Religion. Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell, pp. 267-285.
• Yang, F. (2012) Religion in China: Survival and Revival under Communist Rule. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.