Were the Gospels Altered? An Evaluation in the Contexts of Textual Criticism and Translation Problem

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 171 - 196, 30.07.2019

Zafer Duygu

Öz

The term “biblical criticism” covers many methods developed for the scientific analysis of the sacred texts. Textual criticism is one of these methods and searches for the construction of original texts on the basis of comparison of the existing manuscripts. The application of this method to ancient manuscripts containing traditional Gospels texts allows reaching important results. The translation activity defines the transfer of a text from one language to another basically means to revive the old text in the new language. However, translation is an action with its own flaws. As a matter of fact, the Greek Gospel texts have been translated into many different languages from the very early periods. This article discusses the question of whether the traditional Gospels are historically reliable documents through the examples given from the perspective of the text criticism on the one hand and on the other hand in the context of some determinations on the translation of these texts

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Bible, history of christianity, textual criticism, translation, Gospels

İnciller Tahrif Edildi mi? Metin Kritiği ve Tercüme Meselesi Bağlamlarında Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

“Kitab-ı Mukaddes Kritiği”
ifadesi, kutsal metinlerin bilimsel açıdan analiz edilmesi amacıyla
geliştirilmiş birçok yöntemi kapsamaktadır. Metin kritiği bu yöntemlerden
biridir ve mevcut el yazmalarının karşılaştırılması temelinde özgün metinlerin
inşa edilmesine yönelik arayışları içermektedir. Bu yöntemin geleneksel İncil
metinlerini ihtiva eden eski el yazmalarına uygulanması önemli sonuçlara
ulaşmaya olanak vermektedir. Bir metnin bir dilden başka bir dile aktarılmasını
tanımlayan tercüme faaliyeti ise eski metne yeni dilde yeniden hayat vermek
anlamına gelmektedir. Ancak tercüme, kendisine has kusurlar da barındıran bir
eylemdir. Nitekim Yunanca İncil metinleri çok eski tarihlerden itibaren birçok
farklı dile tercüme edilmişlerdir. Bu makale, bir taraftan metin kritiği
perspektifinden verilen örnekler, öte taraftan ise tercüme metinlere ilişkin
birtakım tespitlerden hareketle, geleneksel İncillerin tarihsel açıdan
güvenilir belgeler olup olmadıkları sorusunu tartışmaktadır.       

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Hıristiyanlık Tarihi, Metin Kritiği, Tercüme, İnciller

Kaynakça

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