DEPREM KAYNAKLI AFETLERİN KADIN SAĞLIĞINA ETKİSİ VE HEMŞİRELERİN SORUMLULUKLARI

Öz

Amaç: Deprem kaynaklı afetlerde kadınların ihtiyaçları, fizyolojileri ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı değişen rolleri nedeniyle önceliklidir. Bu derlemede, deprem kaynaklı afetlerin kadın sağlığına etkisi ve hemşirelerin sorumlulukları hakkında bilgi sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu derlemenin amacı ve kapsamına uygun ilgili literatüre, Pubmed ve Google Akademik veri tabanlarında tam metnine ulaşılan araştırmalara yer verilmiştir. Bulgular: Depreme maruz kalan kadınlarla yapılan çalışmalar, kadınların olumsuz sağlık sonuçlarını bildirmektedir. Deprem, sağlıklı olmayan barınma koşulları, güvenli olmayan içme ve kullanma suyu nedeniyle, kadınlarda çeşitli enfeksiyonlar ve bulaşıcı hastalıkların gelişimi açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. Gebelikte yaşanan deprem, stresin artmasına yol açarak erken doğumla; artan stres inutero ortamı ve fetal gelişimi etkileyerek düşük doğum ağırlığı ve APGAR skorları gibi perinatal komplikasyonlarla ve düşük gestasyonel kilo artışıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Öte yandan kadınlar, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine bağlı olarak şiddete ve cinsel istismara maruz kalabilmekte, depresyon ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğu yaşayabilmektedir. Sonuç: Deprem sonrası sürdürülebilir kadın sağlığı açısından, kadınların temel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında oluşan güçlüklerin, gebelik ve doğum sonu dönemde gelişebilecek ani komplikasyonların, emzirme ve aile planlanmasıyla ilgili sorunların erken fark edilmesi önemlidir. Bu nedenle, hemşirelerin depremden etkilenen kadınlara toplumsal cinsiyete duyarlı olarak hijyen, aile planlaması, pre/perinatal sağlık, cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyonlar, emzirme ve diğer cinsel sağlık üreme sağlığı konularında eğitim ve danışmanlık sunmaları önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• deprem
• hemşirelik bakımı
• kadın sağlığı
• üreme sağlığı

THE IMPACT OF EARTHQUAKE-RELATED DISASTERS ON WOMEN'S HEALTH AND NURSES' RESPONSIBILITIES

Öz

Purpose: Women's needs, physiology and gender-based changing roles are prioritized in earthquake-induced disasters. This review is aimed to provide information about the effects of earthquake-induced disasters on women's health and the responsibilities of nurses. Methods: The relevant literature, which is suitable for the purpose and scope of this review, and studies whose full texts are available in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases are included. Findings: Studies conducted with women exposed to earthquakes report negative health outcomes of women. Earthquake creates a risk for the development of various infections and communicable diseases in women due to unhealthy housing conditions, unsafe drinking and utility water. Earthquake experienced during pregnancy leads to increased stress and resulting premature birth; increased stress affects the inutero environment and fetal development and is associated with perinatal complications such as low birth weight and APGAR scores, and low gestational weight gain. In addition, women may be exposed to violence and sexual abuse depending on their gender roles, and may experience depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: In terms of sustainable women's health after the earthquake, it is important to recognize the difficulties that develop during the provision of women's basic needs, the sudden complications that may develop during pregnancy and postpartum period, and the problems related to breastfeeding and family planning. Therefore, nurses should provide gender-sensitive education and counseling to women affected by the earthquake on hygiene, family planning, pre/perinatal health, sexually transmitted infections, breastfeeding and other sexual and reproductive health issues.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster
• earthquake
• nursing care
• women
• reproductive health

Kaynakça

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