Biyomedikal Uygulamalar için Titanyum Alaşımlarının Eklemeli İmalatı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 54 - 74, 06.07.2022

Binnur Sağbaş , Beyza Gavcar

Öz

Eklemeli imalat (AM) veya üç boyutlu baskının (3DP) önemli ilerleyişi, imalat sektöründe esneklik sağlayarak, müşteriye özel, karmaşık geometrilerin elde edilmesinin yolunu açmış ve çok sayıda araştırma-geliştirme çalışmasına hizmet ederek pek çok yeniliğe de öncü olmuştur. AM proseslerine endüstriyel ve akademik alanlardaki ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Son yirmi yılda, eklemeli imalat ile biyomalzeme üretimi önem kazanmış ve tıbbi implant talebi de aşırı artmıştır. Eklemeli imalat ve biyomalzeme kombinasyonu, özellikle hastaya özgü klinik uygulamalara yönelik gelecek vaat etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, 3D basılabilir biyomalzemeler implantlar için uygun bir seçenek olmuştur. Biyouyumlu, çok yönlü ve uyarlanabilir, ilgili mekanik (dayanım ve rijitlik) ve biyolojik işlevselliklere, gözenekli yapıya, tasarım serbestliğine sahip olma, malzeme tasarrufu sağlama, yüksek doğruluk ile üretim, geometride tasarım gereksinimlerini gerçekleştirme özellikleri sayesinde eklemeli imalat implantlarının miktarı önemli ölçüde artış göstermiştir. İmplant biyomalzemeleri, istenilen bir işlevi elde etmek için yüksek yorulma, aşınma ve korozyon direnci, stabilite, osteogenez ve osseointegrasyon özelliklerinin yanı sıra uzun ömre sahip olmalıdır. Bu çalışma, en yaygın olarak kullanılan implant biyomalzemeleri Ti ve Ti6Al4V alaşımlarının mekanik özellikleri, biyouyumlulukları ve bu biyomalzemelerin mevcut uygulamaları bakımından eklemeli imalat çalışmalarını farklı perspektiflerden incelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eklemeli İmalat, Biyomalzemeler, İmplantlar, Titanyum, Titanyum Alaşımları

An Overview on Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Öz

The significant progress of additive manufacturing (AM) or three dimensional printing (3DP) has induced to a revolution in manufacturing sector providing high flexibility, feasibility of complex geometries in customization at the consumer level and also serving as an efficient tool for further research and development. AM processes are increasingly attracting many interests at industrial and academic fields. In the last two decades, biomaterial production with additive manufacturing has gained significance and the medical implant demand also has undergone explosive growth. Additive manufacturing and biomaterial combination is very promising, especially towards patient specific clinical applications. In this context, 3D printable biomaterials are suitable candidates for implants and the amount of additively-manufactured implants is significantly increasing due to their unique properties which are biocompatible, versatile and adaptable, have relevant mechanical (strength and stiffness) and biological functionalities, porous structure, design freedom, provide material save, produce with good accuracy, fulfill design requirements in geometry. Implant biomaterials should have high fatigue, wear and corrosion resistance, stability, osteogenesis and osseointegration properties as well as long lifespan to achieve an intended function. This study overviews the studies on additive manufacturing of most widely used implant biomaterials Ti and Ti6Al4V alloys, in terms of mechanical properties, biocompatibility and current state of applications of these biomaterials from different perspectives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Additive Manufacturing, Biomaterials, Implants, Titanium, Titanium Alloys

Kaynakça

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