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The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 53 - 79, 31.12.2024

Sümeyye Arslan , Zehra Gülten Yalçın , Mustafa Dağ , Muhammed Bora Akın

https://doi.org/10.55440/umufed.1554371

Öz

The incorporation of various forms of elemental carbon into lead-acid batteries has the potential to significantly enhance battery performance. Carbon materials are commonly used as additives to the negative active material, particularly to improve cycle life and charge acceptance under high-rate partial state-of-charge (HRPSoC) conditions, which are prevalent in hybrid and electric vehicles. Carbon nanostructures and composite materials may also offer similar benefits. However, the impact of carbon on the positive active material is generally more limited compared to its influence on the negative side. Additionally, carbon can serve as a mesh current collector for both negative and positive plates. This advanced technology boosts energy storage efficiency by increasing the battery’s specific energy and optimizing active mass utilization. Such batteries, featuring a more robust active mass structure, promise extended cycle life. Recently, another important application of carbon in secondary batteries is its use in supercapacitor electrodes, which can either replace the negative plate or be connected in parallel with the lead plate. These innovative approaches enhance overall battery efficiency by improving specific power and HRPSoC performance. Furthermore, integrating carbon-based technologies into the production of lead-acid batteries can significantly enhance their performance, giving them a competitive advantage over other battery systems. These advancements also hold substantial potential for delivering more environmentally friendly and cost-effective energy storage solutions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

effective energy storage solutions. Keywords: Lead-acid batteries Carbon High-rate partial state of charge HRPSoC Cycle life

Kaynakça

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Kurşun-Asit Pillerde Karbonun Rolü: Uygulamalar, Zorluklar ve Gelecek Fırsatlar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 53 - 79, 31.12.2024

Sümeyye Arslan , Zehra Gülten Yalçın , Mustafa Dağ , Muhammed Bora Akın

https://doi.org/10.55440/umufed.1554371

Öz

Kurşun-asit pillere çeşitli biçimlerdeki elementel karbonun eklenmesi, pil performansını önemli ölçüde artırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Karbon malzemeler, özellikle çevrim ömrünü ve yüksek oranlı kısmi şarj durumu (HRPSoC) koşullarında şarj kabulünü iyileştirmek amacıyla negatif aktif malzemeye katkı maddesi olarak yaygın bir şekilde kullanılır. Bu koşullar, hibrit ve elektrikli araçlarda yaygındır. Karbon nanoyapılar ve kompozit malzemeler de benzer faydalar sağlayabilir. Ancak, karbonun pozitif aktif malzeme üzerindeki etkisi, negatif tarafa göre genellikle daha sınırlıdır. Buna ek olarak, karbon, hem negatif hem de pozitif plakalar için bir ağ akım toplayıcısı olarak işlev görebilir. Bu ileri teknoloji, pilin özgül enerjisini artırarak ve aktif kütle kullanımını optimize ederek enerji depolama verimliliğini artırır. Bu tür piller, daha dayanıklı bir aktif kütle yapısına sahip olup, uzatılmış bir çevrim ömrü vaat eder. Son dönemde, karbonun ikincil pillerdeki bir diğer önemli uygulaması, süperkapasitör elektrotlarında kullanılmasıdır. Bu elektrotlar, negatif plakayı değiştirebilir veya kurşun plakayla paralel bağlanabilir. Bu yenilikçi yaklaşımlar, özgül gücü ve HRPSoC performansını iyileştirerek pilin genel verimliliğini artırır. Ayrıca, kurşun-asit pillerin üretimine karbon bazlı teknolojilerin entegre edilmesi, performanslarını önemli ölçüde artırarak diğer pil sistemlerine göre rekabetçi bir avantaj sağlar. Bu gelişmeler, daha çevre dostu ve maliyet açısından etkili enerji depolama çözümleri sunma potansiyeline de sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kurşun-asit piller Karbon Yüksek oranlı kısmi şarj durumu HRPSoC Çevrim ömrü

Kaynakça

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  • Zhen Zhang, Chunhua Yuan, Hao Wu, Yong Huang, Tian Liu, “Research progresses of cathodic hydrogen evolution in advanced lead–acid batteries,” Science Bulletin, 61(8), ss. 623-634, 2016.
  • P. Thangarasu, B. Subramanian, G. Kumar, S. Rajendran, V. Ganesan, “Nanoconfinement and interfacial effect of Pb nanoparticles into nanoporous carbon as a longer-lifespan negative electrode material for hybrid lead–carbon battery,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(29), ss. 10962-10972, 2020.
  • X. Wang, Y. Zhao, Z. Li, “Establishment of thermal stability estimation model of the power battery,” Advanced Materials Research, 421, ss. 209-213, 2012.
  • Vishal Mahajan, R. S. Bharj, J. Bharj, “Role of nano-carbon additives in lead-acid batteries: A review,” Bulletin of Materials Science, 42(1), 2019.
  • David G. Enos, Summer R. Ferreira, Heather M. Barkholtz, William Baca, Scott Fenstermacher, “Understanding function and performance of carbon additives in lead-acid batteries,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 164(13), ss. A3276-A3284, 2017.
  • Shivraj Mahadik, Subramani Surendran, Joon Young Kim, Dongkyu Lee, Jihyun Park, Tae-Hoon Kim, Ho-Young Jung, Uk Sim, “Recent progress in the development of carbon‐based materials in lead–carbon batteries,” Carbon Neutralization, 2(4), ss. 510-524, 2023.
  • Meng Zhang, Hengshuai Song, Yujia Ma, Shaohua Yang, Fazhi Xie, “Preparation of NH₄Cl-modified carbon materials via high-temperature calcination and their application in the negative electrode of lead-carbon batteries,” Molecules, 28(14), 5618, 2023.
  • Xiqing Yuan, Jingping Hu, Jingyi Xu, Yucheng Hu, Wei Zhang, Jinxin Dong, Sha Liang, Huijie Hou, Xu Wu, Jiakuan Yang, “The effect of barium sulfate-doped lead oxide as a positive active material on the performance of lead acid batteries,” RSC Advances, 6(32), ss. 27205-27212, 2016.
  • Sheng Zheng, Guang Jia, Wei Xue, Bing Huang, Jian Chen, Jian Wang, “Performance of a lead–carbon negative electrode based on a Pb–C electrodeposited porous graphite/Pb conductive net skeleton,” Micro & Nano Letters, 11(5), ss. 264-268, 2016.
  • Jian Li, Jian Cao, Zhen Chen, Jian Yu, Jian Zhang, Bin Chen, Yong Rao, “Improving the performance of recovered lead oxide powder from waste lead paste as active material for lead‐acid battery,” International Journal of Energy Research, 46(10), ss. 14268-14282, 2022.
  • Shaik Basheer Nagoor, Bokka Shanmukh Varun Teja, Chinnadurai T, Saravanan S, Karthigai Pandian M, “After explosion - battery degradation analysis using DSC and SEM,” Sustainable Chemical Engineering, 4, ss. 46-56, 2023.
  • Masami Taguchi, Toshihiro Sasaki, Hiroki Takahashi, “Discharge-charge property of lead-acid battery using nano-scale PbO₂ as cathode active material,” Materials Transactions, 55(2), ss. 327-333, 2014.
  • Lizhi Wen, Jiachen Sun, Liwei An, Xiaoyan Wang, Xin Ren, Guangchuan Liang, “Effect of conductive material morphology on spherical lithium iron phosphate,” Nanomaterials, 8(11), 904, 2018.
  • Qing Zhang, Yong Zhang, Peng Du, Chunyi Su, “Carbon nanomaterials used as conductive additives in lithium ion batteries,” Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, 4(2), ss. 100-110, 2010.
  • N. Sugumaran, P. Everill, S. Swogger, D. Dubey, “Lead acid battery performance and cycle life increased through addition of discrete carbon nanotubes to both electrodes,” Journal of Power Sources, 279, ss. 281-293, 2015.
  • Rinaldo Raccichini, Alberto Varzi, Stefano Passerini, Bruno Scrosati, “The role of graphene for electrochemical energy storage,” Nature Materials, 14(3), ss. 271-279, 2015.
  • Julian Kosacki, Fatih Doğan, “The effect of expanded and natural flake graphite additives on positive active mass utilization of the lead-acid battery,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 168(12), 120540, 2021.
  • Hiroshi Okano, Yuta Hano, Kaito Sugimoto, Fumiya Ohira, Takashi Inoue, Toshihiro Hosokawa, Taichi Iwai, Shigeomi Takai, Takeshi Yabutsuka, Takeshi Yao, “Lead acid battery with high resistance to over‐discharge using graphite based materials as cathode current collector,” Nano Select, 3(6), ss. 1048-1053, 2021.
  • Yue Wang, Peng Zhang, Yun Long Li, Lin Li, Jian Quan Liang, Yuan Gao, Hong Da Zhang, Wei Sun, “The influence of carbon material on the low-temperature performance of lead-acid battery,” Key Engineering Materials, 842, ss. 236-241, 2020.
  • Roni Shapira, Gilbert Daniel Nessim, Tomer Zimrin, Doron Aurbach, “Towards promising electrochemical technology for load leveling applications: extending cycle life of lead acid batteries by the use of carbon nano-tubes (CNTs),” Energy & Environmental Science, 6(2), ss. 587-594, 2013.
  • Roni Marom, Boris Ziv, Anirban Banerjee, Benny Cahana, Shlomo Luski, Doron Aurbach, “Enhanced performance of starter lighting ignition type lead-acid batteries with carbon nanotubes as an additive to the active mass,” Journal of Power Sources, 296, ss. 78-85, 2015.
  • Francesco Bonaccorso, Luigi Colombo, Guihua Yu, Meryl Stoller, Valentina Tozzini, Andrea C. Ferrari, Rodney S. Ruoff, Vittorio Pellegrini, “Graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage,” Science, 347(6217), 2015.
  • Yong Jia, Jian Zhang, Dongdong Kong, Cheng Zhang, Dong Han, Jian Han, Yongsheng Chen, Qinghua Yang, “Practical graphene technologies for electrochemical energy storage,” Advanced Functional Materials, 32(42), 2022.
  • [P. M. Oza, N. H. Vasoya, R. P. Vansdadiya, “Empowering energy storage using graphene and its derivatives,” Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 42(37), ss. 24-33, 2023.
  • Peng Geng, Shuang Zheng, Hao Tang, Rong Zhu, Liang Zhang, Shuai Cao, Hua Xue, Huaiguo Pang, “Transition metal sulfides based on graphene for electrochemical energy storage,” Advanced Energy Materials, 8(15), 2018.
  • Pablo Ramos Ferrer, Annsley Mace, Samantha N. Thomas, Ju-Won Jeon, “Nanostructured porous graphene and its composites for energy storage applications,” Nano Convergence, 4(1), 2017.
  • Huan Yang, Kai Qi, Lanqian Gong, Wanli Liu, Shahid Zaman, Xingpeng Guo, Yubing Qiu, Bao Yu Xia, “Lead oxide enveloped in N-doped graphene oxide composites for enhanced high-rate partial-state-of-charge performance of lead-acid battery,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(9), ss. 11408-11413, 2018.
  • Na Li, Zongping Chen, Wencai Ren, Feng Li, Hui-Ming Cheng, “Flexible graphene-based lithium ion batteries with ultrafast charge and discharge rates,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(43), ss. 17360-17365, 2012.
  • Amy C. Marschilok, Corey P. Schaffer, Kenneth J. Takeuchi, Esther S. Takeuchi, “Carbon nanotube–metal oxide composite electrodes for secondary lithium-based batteries,” Journal of Composite Materials, 47(1), ss. 41-49, 2013.
  • Walsh, F., Arenas, L., León, C., Reade, G., Whyte, I., & Mellor, B. (2016). The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: structure, properties and applications. Electrochimica Acta, 215, 566-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.103.
  • Juvencio Vázquez-Samperio, Próspero Acevedo-Peña, Ariel Guzmán-Vargas, Edilso Reguera, Elcy Córdoba-Tuta, “Incorporation of heteroatoms into reticulated vitreous carbon foams derived from sucrose to improve its energy storage performance,” International Journal of Energy Research, 45(4), ss. 6383-6394, 2020.
  • Bilen Aküzüm, Deborah D. Hudson, Devon A. Eichfeld, Christopher R. Dennison, Lutfi Agartan, Yury Gogotsi, E. Caglan Kumbur, “Reticulated carbon electrodes for improved charge transport in electrochemical flow capacitors,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 165(11), ss. A2519-A2527, 2018.
  • Taichi Iwai, Daisuke Kitajima, Shigeomi Takai, Takeshi Yabutsuka, Takeshi Yao, “α-PbO₂ formation on the cathode of lead acid battery due to the local cell reaction,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 163(14), ss. A3087-A3090, 2016.
  • Keju Ji, Chun Xu, Huihui Zhao, Zhendong Dai, “Electrodeposited lead-foam grids on copper-foam substrates as positive current collectors for lead-acid batteries,” Journal of Power Sources, 248, ss. 307-316, 2014.
  • Kiran Yadav, Rohit Bagal, Sandeep Parmar, Tushar Patro, Amit Abhyankar, “In situ coating of needle-like NiCo₂O₄ magnetic nanoparticles on lightweight reticulated vitreous carbon foam toward achieving improved electromagnetic wave absorption,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 60(39), ss. 14225-14238, 2021.
  • Andrzej Czerwiński, Sławomir Obrębowski, Zbigniew Rogulski, “New high-energy lead-acid battery with reticulated vitreous carbon as a carrier and current collector,” Journal of Power Sources, 196(22), ss. 10114-10119, 2011.
  • Előd L. Gyenge, Jung H. Jung, Bikash Mahato, “Electroplated reticulated vitreous carbon current collectors for lead–acid batteries: opportunities and challenges,” Journal of Power Sources, 113(2), ss. 388–395, 2003.
  • Li-Wen Ma, Bo-Zhen Chen, Yong Chen, Yan Yuan, “Pitch-based carbon foam electrodeposited with lead as positive current collectors for lead acid batteries,” Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 39(9), ss. 1609–1615, 2009.
  • Yong Chen, Bo-Zhong Chen, Li-Wen Ma, Yong Yuan, “Effect of carbon foams as negative current collectors on partial-state-of-charge performance of lead acid batteries,” Electrochemistry Communications, 10(7), ss. 1064–1066, 2008.
  • Yong Chen, Bo-Zhong Chen, Li-Wen Ma, Yong Yuan, “Influence of pitch-based carbon foam current collectors on the electrochemical properties of lead acid battery negative electrodes,” Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 38(10), ss. 1409–1413, 2008.
  • Yong Chen, Bo-Zhong Chen, Xiao-Chun Shi, Hui Xu, Wei Shang, Yong Yuan, Li-Ping Xiao, “Preparation and electrochemical properties of pitch-based carbon foam as current collectors for lead acid batteries,” Electrochimica Acta, 53(5), ss. 2245–2249, 2008.
  • Young-Il Jang, Nancy J. Dudney, Terry N. Tiegs, James W. Klett, “Evaluation of the electrochemical stability of graphite foams as current collectors for lead acid batteries,” Journal of Power Sources, 161(2), ss. 1392–1399, 2006.
  • Angel Kirchev, Nina Kircheva, Marion Perrin, “Carbon honeycomb grids for advanced lead-acid batteries. Part I: Proof of concept,” Journal of Power Sources, 196(20), ss. 8773–8788, 2011.
  • Angel Kirchev, Sébastien Dumenil, Marion Alias, Romain Christin, Arnaud de Mascarel, Marion Perrin, “Carbon honeycomb grids for advanced lead-acid batteries. Part II: Operation of the negative plates,” Journal of Power Sources, 279, ss. 809–824, 2015.
  • Christie, S. Wong, Y.S. Titelman, G. Abrahamson, J. “Lead-acid battery construction”, Patent US 9543589, 2017.
  • Jérémy Lannelongue, Mikael Cugnet, Nicolas Guillet, Angel Kirchev, “Electrochemistry of thin-plate lead-carbon batteries employing alternative current collectors,” Journal of Power Sources, 352, ss. 194–207, 2017.
  • Cheng, H. and Wu, H. (2013). “Simulation on control strategies of hybrid energy storage”. Advanced Materials Research, 860-863, 582-585. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.582.
  • Majeed Zaidan, Ghanim Hasan, Mudhar Al-Obaidi, “Comparative study between a battery and super-capacitor of an electrical energy storage system for a traditional vehicle,” Gazi University Journal of Science, 35(4), ss. 1405-1415, 2022.
  • Jong-Ho Lee, Jong-Won Yoon, “Effect of electric properties according to volume ratio of supercapacitor and battery capacitor in hybrid energy storage system,” Coatings, 13(8), 1316, 2023.
  • Noshin Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo, Bart Verbrugge, Pieter Van den Bossche, “Power and life enhancement of battery-electrical double layer capacitor for hybrid electric and charge-depleting plug-in vehicle applications,” Electrochimica Acta, 55(25), ss. 7524-7531, 2010.
  • Noshin Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo, Bart Verbrugge, Pieter Van den Bossche, “Power and life enhancement of battery-electrical double layer capacitor for hybrid electric and charge-depleting plug-in vehicle applications,” Electrochimica Acta, 55(25), ss. 7524-7531, 2010.
  • Chih-Chieh Yang, Hung-Yi Tsai, Tseung-Yuen Tseng, “Preparation of NiCo₂S₄-based electrodes for supercapacitor application,” DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering, (CCME), 2019.
  • George Hasegawa, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Tsutomu Kiyomura, Hiroki Kurata, Takeshi Abe, Koji Nakanishi, “Hierarchically porous carbon monoliths comprising ordered mesoporous nanorod assemblies for high-voltage aqueous supercapacitors,” Chemistry of Materials, 28(11), ss. 3944-3950, 2016.
  • Hengxing Ji, Xin Zhao, Zhenhua Qiao, Jeil Jung, Yanwu Zhu, Yalin Lu, Li Li Zhang, Allan H. MacDonald, Rodney S. Ruoff, “Capacitance of carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors,” Nature Communications, 5, 3317, 2014.
  • Dong Liu, Kang Ni, Jian Ye, Jian Xie, Yanwu Zhu, Li Song, “Tailoring the structure of carbon nanomaterials toward high‐end energy applications,” Advanced Materials, 30(48), 1802104, 2018.
  • Chunhua Lu, Dong Wang, Jian Zhao, Shu Han, Wei Chen, “A continuous carbon nitride polyhedron assembly for high‐performance flexible supercapacitors,” Advanced Functional Materials, 27(8), 2017.
  • Xi Luo, Jorge Varela Barreras, Clementine L. Chambon, Bin Wu, Efstratios Batzelis, “Hybridizing lead–acid batteries with supercapacitors: a methodology,” Energies, 14(2), 507, 2021.
Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Elektrokimyasal Enerji Depolama ve Dönüşüm
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sümeyye Arslan 0009-0007-5933-8574

Zehra Gülten Yalçın 0000-0001-5460-289X

Mustafa Dağ 0000-0001-9540-3475

Muhammed Bora Akın 0000-0003-3841-1633

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan, S., Yalçın, Z. G., Dağ, M., Akın, M. B. (2024). The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik Ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 53-79. https://doi.org/10.55440/umufed.1554371
AMA Arslan S, Yalçın ZG, Dağ M, Akın MB. The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. UMÜFED. Aralık 2024;6(2):53-79. doi:10.55440/umufed.1554371
Chicago Arslan, Sümeyye, Zehra Gülten Yalçın, Mustafa Dağ, ve Muhammed Bora Akın. “The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities”. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik Ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 6, sy. 2 (Aralık 2024): 53-79. https://doi.org/10.55440/umufed.1554371.
EndNote Arslan S, Yalçın ZG, Dağ M, Akın MB (01 Aralık 2024) The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 6 2 53–79.
IEEE S. Arslan, Z. G. Yalçın, M. Dağ, ve M. B. Akın, “The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities”, UMÜFED, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 53–79, 2024, doi: 10.55440/umufed.1554371.
ISNAD Arslan, Sümeyye vd. “The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities”. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 6/2 (Aralık 2024), 53-79. https://doi.org/10.55440/umufed.1554371.
JAMA Arslan S, Yalçın ZG, Dağ M, Akın MB. The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. UMÜFED. 2024;6:53–79.
MLA Arslan, Sümeyye vd. “The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities”. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik Ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 53-79, doi:10.55440/umufed.1554371.
Vancouver Arslan S, Yalçın ZG, Dağ M, Akın MB. The Role of Carbon in Lead-Acid Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. UMÜFED. 2024;6(2):53-79.
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