21. YÜZYILDA TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ’NİN ENERJİ GÜVENLİĞİ POLİTİKALARI: ENERJİ BAĞIMLILIĞINI DÜŞÜRME HEDEFİ BAŞARILABİLİR Mİ?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2 - Türkiye özel sayısı, 171 - 203, 31.08.2023

Sina Kısacık

Öz

Kendine özgü özelliklere sahip, yürüttüğü iç/dış politikalar sadece komşuları tarafından değil, aynı esnada bölge-dışı ülkelerce de yakından takip edilen Türkiye, enerji güvenliği politikalarını güvence altına almaya çalışmaktadır. Özellikle Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde 2000’li yıllarda siyasi istikrarın sağlanmasından ötürü aşamalı ekonomik büyüme, Türk ekonomik sisteminin ana parçalarını teşkil eden hane halkı ve sınai/ticari enerji kullanımında açıkça büyük artışların yaşanmasına yol açmıştır. Petrol ve gaz kaynakları açısından yetersiz durumdaki Türkiye, bu alandaki açığı kapatabilmek ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmasının devamı için bu kaynakları yüksek oranda ithal etmektedir. Bu enerji kaynaklarındaki bağımlılık yüzde 90’ın üzerinde vuku bulmaktadır. Ayrıca, Ankara, bu kaynakların kendi topraklarında keşfine yönelik çalışmalarını artırmaktadır. 2000’li yıllarda enerji ithalatlarına yüksek bağımlılığını azaltmak için, Türkiye, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ve nükleer enerji konusunda büyük yatırımlar yaparak dengeli bir enerji karışımına ulaşmak için özel çeşitlendirme girişimlerine önem vermektedir. 2030’lu ve 2040’lı yıllarda, Türkiye, daha az hidrokarbon bağımlısı bir ülke olmanın yanı sıra, yenilenebilir enerji ile daha temiz enerji sistemlerine sahip olmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu hedefin ulaşılabilir olup olmaması uluslararası enerji dünyasındaki gelişmeler ve Ankara’nın net sıfır karbon ekonomisine ulaşma konusundaki kararlılığı sonucunda belirlenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, Petrol, Doğalgaz, Nükleer enerji, Yenilenebilir enerji

ENERGY SECURITY POLICIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKİYE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: CAN THE TARGET OF DECREASING ENERGY DEPENDENCY BE ACHIEVABLE?

Öz

Türkiye possessing sui generis characteristic features, its pursuing of domestic as well as foreign/security policies closely followed not only by its neighbours, but also by outer regional countries and international organizations, is trying to safeguard of its energy security policies. Because of the provision of political stability in the 2000s, the gradual economic growth annually has obviously caused the practise of great increases on residential and industrial/commercial energy consumption forming the foremost components of Turkish economic system. Türkiye, insufficient on oil and gas, is importing these resources with high dependence to close this gap in this field as well as to continue its sustainable development. That dependency happens at more than 90 % in these energy resources. Also, Ankara has been increasing efforts to discover hydrocarbons within its territories. So, to decrease its high dependence on energy imports in the 2000s, Türkiye has been attaching unique diversification efforts to reach a balanced energy mix by making huge investments into renewable energy resources as well as nuclear energy. In the 2030s and 2040s, Türkiye targets to become a less hydrocarbon-dependent country and have more clean energy systems via renewable energy (RE). Whether or not this target is accomplishable will be determined by conjunctural developments in the international energy world and Ankara’s determinedness on reaching net zero carbon economics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, Oil, Natural gas, Nuclear energy, Renewable energy

Kaynakça

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