POLONYA’NIN DIŞ POLİTİKASININ MEŞRULAŞTIRILMASINDA RUSYA-UKRAYNA SAVAŞI’NIN ROLÜ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 121 - 154, 02.03.2024

Yadıgar Naghıyev

Öz

24 Şubat 2022 tarihinde, Rusya`nın, “Ukrayna’daki Rus Azınlıkların Güvenliğini Sağlama” söylemi doğrultusunda Ukrayna’ya yönelik başlattığı askeri saldırılar, hem bölgesel, hem de küresel ölçekte çeşitli sorunları doğurmuştur. Bu bağlamda, Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinin güvenlik algılarında artan endişe, Ukraynalı ve Rusyalı sığınmacıların zorunlu göç hareketliliğini ve beraberinde bölge ülkelerinin askeri savunma harcamalarında önemli artışları getirmiştir. Polonya, savaşın Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri üzerinde oluşturduğu endişeyi ve kaotik durumu çözmeye yönelik geliştirdiği “Büyük Ağabey” rolünü, Avrupa Birliği (AB), Almanya ve NATO’ya karşı bir baskı aracı olarak kullanmıştır. Polonya, uyguladığı bu baskı yoluyla kendisinin askeri ve siyasi kazanımlarını meşrulaştırmaya çalışmıştır. Bu baskı sonucunda, Polonya, askeri kazanımlarında başarılı olmasına ve NATO’da kendi önemini artırmasına karşın, AB’nin kendisi üzerindeki baskısını azaltamadığı gibi, Almanya’dan talep ettiği tazminatı da alamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, 24 Şubat 2022 tarihinde başlayan Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’nın Polonya’nın dış politikasının meşrulaştırılmasında nasıl bir rol oynadığını incelemektir. Çalışmada, betimsel bir yöntem belirlenmiş, konuyla alakalı çalışmalardan, haberlerden ve istatistiklerden elde edilen verilerden faydalanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Polonya, Enerji, Güvenlik, Göç

THE ROLE OF THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR IN THE LEGITIMIZATION OF POLISH FOREIGN POLICY

Öz

On 24 February 2022, Russia launched military aggression against Ukraine under the rhetoric of “Ensuring the Security of Russian Minorities in Ukraine”, which led to various regional and global problems. In this context, the increasing concern in the security perceptions of Eastern European countries has led to the forced migration of Ukrainian and Russian asylum seekers and a significant increase in the military defense expenditures of the countries in the region. Poland has used its “Big Brother” role as a tool of pressure against the European Union (EU), Germany, and NATO to resolve the anxiety and chaotic situation that the war created for the Eastern European countries. Through this pressure, Poland tried to legitimize its military and political gains. As a result of this pressure, although Poland succeeded in its military gains and increased its importance in NATO, it was not able to reduce the EU's pressure on it, nor did it receive the reparations it demanded from Germany. The main purpose of this study is to examine how the Russian-Ukrainian War, which started on 24 February 2022, played a role in the legitimation of Poland's foreign policy. In the study, a descriptive method was determined and data obtained from relevant studies, news, and statistics were utilized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Russia-Ukraine War, Poland, Energy, Security, Migration

Kaynakça

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• • Stone, Mike & Binary Rhea (2023), “U.S. approves up to $10 bln sale of HIMARS rocket launchers, ammunition to Poland”, Reuters, 08.02.2023, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-approves-sale-up-10-bln-sale-himars-rocket-launchers-ammunition-poland-2023-02-07.
• • T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı Uluslararası Anlaşmalar ve Avrupa Birliği Genel Müdürlüğü (2022), “Polonya Ülke Profili”, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5ed8b7b713b876d8ec73d4a6/Polonya_2023.pdf.
• • Temizer, Selen (2023). “AB: 2022'de savaştan kaçarak AB'ye gelen 16 milyon Ukraynalıdan 11 milyonu geri döndü”, Anadolu Ajansı, 08.03.2023, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/ab-2022de-savastan-kacarak-abye-gelen-16-milyon-ukraynalidan-11-milyonu-geri-dondu-/2840428.
• • The First News (2022), “Polish support for Ukraine comes to EUR 8.5 bln”, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/polish-support-for-ukraine-comes-to-eur-85-bln-35292.
• • The Guardian (2023), “German president asks Poland for forgiveness at WW2 ceremony”, 19.04.2023, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/19/german-president-asks-for-forgiveness-on-warsaw-ghetto-uprising-anniversary.
• • The New Arab (2022), “Ukraine: Canada sending 150 troops to Poland to help refugees fleeing Russian invasion”, 14.04.2022, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.newarab.com/news/ukraine-canada-send-150-troops-poland-aid-refugees.
• • Tilles, Daniel (2023), “Polish ruling party passes resolution condemning EU migrant relocation plan and announces referendum”, NFP, 15.06.2023, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/06/15/polish-ruling-party-passes-resolution-condemning-eu-migrant-relocation-plan-and-calls-for-referendum.
• • Trading Economics (2022), “Military Expenditure”, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://tradingeconomics.com.
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• • TRT Haber (2022), “ABD'den Polonya'ya 3,75 milyar dolarlık tank ve askeri mühimmat satışına onay”, 07.12.2022, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/guncel/abdden-polonyaya-375-milyar-dolarlik-tank-ve-askeri-muhimmat-satisina-onay-728961.html.
• • TRT Haber (2022), “Polonya Rus oligarkların 33 milyon 700 bin euroluk mal varlıklarını dondurdu”, 24.03.2023, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/polonya-rus-oligarklarin-33-milyon-700-bin-euroluk-mal-varliklarini-dondurdu-666691.html.
• • TRT Haber (2022), “Polonya, Ukrayna'ya savaş uçağı göndermeyecek”, 07.03.2022, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/polonya-ukraynaya-savas-ucagi-gondermeyecek-661529.html.
• • TRT Haber (2022), “Polonya'daki ABD askeri üssü genişletiliyor”, 08.11.2022, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/polonyadaki-abd-askeri-ussu-genisletiliyor-721996.html.
• • TRT Haber (2022), “Polonya'dan Rus şirketlerine ve iş adamlarına yaptırım kararı”, 26.04.2022, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/polonyadan-rus-sirketlerine-ve-is-adamlarina-yaptirim-karari-675967.html.
• • TRT Haber (2022), “Ukrayna, İngiltere ve Polonya'dan üçlü ittifak”, 18.02.2022, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/ukrayna-ingiltere-ve-polonyadan-uclu-ittifak-655964.html.
• • TRT Haber (2023), “İngiltere ve Polonya, Ukrayna'da 700 kişilik geçici köy evleri inşa edecek”, 28.03.2023, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/ingiltere-ve-polonya-ukraynada-700-kisilik-gecici-koy-evleri-insa-edecek-756577.html.
• • TRT Haber (2023), “Polonya Parlamentosunun alt kanadı, AB'nin şart koştuğu yasal reformu onayladı”, 13.01.2023, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/polonya-parlamentosunun-alt-kanadi-abnin-sart-kostugu-yasal-reformu-onayladi-738001.html.
• • TRT Haber (2023), “Polonya'dan Ukrayna'ya veto: Milyarlarca dolara satın aldığımız silahlarımızı devredemeyiz”, 22.09.2023, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/polonyadan-ukraynaya-veto-milyarlarca-dolara-satin-aldigimiz-silahlarimizi-devredemeyiz-797481.html.
• • United Nations Peacemaker (2014), “Seven years since Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea”, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://peacemaker.un.org/UA-ceasefire-2014.
• • Ünalmış, A. Nafiz & Şafak, Oğuz (2019), “Karadeniz’de Rusya-ABD Rekabeti ve Ukrayna Krizi”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 5, Sayı: 7, ss. 1-10.
• • World Bank (2021), “GDP (current US$)-Poland”, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=PL.