Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Afet Yönetimine İlişkin Sorunların Sri Lanka Örneğinde İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 27 - 45, 25.10.2024

Mohamed Sufiyan Siddeek , Esra Banu Sipahi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde afet yönetimine ilişkin sorunlar Sri Lanka örneğinde incelenmektedir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde afet yönetimi, kapasite sınırlıkları, çeşitli sosyo-ekonomik, politik sorunlar ve altyapı problemleri nedeniyle benzersiz zorluklar beraberinde getirmektedir. Çalışma, bu zorlukları, sık sık seller, siklonlar, heyelanlar ve tsunamiler gibi doğal afetlerle karşı karşıya kalan Sri Lanka örneği üzerinden analiz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada etkili afet yönetimini engelleyen yetersiz altyapıdan kaynaklanan problemler; sınırlı finansal kaynaklar ve etkisiz politikalar gibi sistematik sorunlar ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada gelişmekte olan ülkelerin afet yönetimi sorunları ile mücadelede bir çözüm arayışı olarak yönetişimin çözüm olarak değeri irdelenmekte, toplumun hazırlık durumunun ve uluslararası yardımın afet müdahale ve iyileştirme süreçlerini nasıl şekillendirdiği de tartışılmaktadır. Sri Lanka deneyiminden yola çıkılarak kaleme alınan bu çalışmada, risk azaltma, acil durum müdahalesi ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı kapsayan entegre afet yönetim stratejilerinin önemi üzerinde de durulmaktadır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde afet direncini artırmanın, kapasite geliştirme, paydaş katılımı, teknolojik ilerlemeler ve geliştirilmiş uluslararası işbirliği de içeren çok yönlü bir afet yönetişimi yaklaşımının gerekliliğini göstermektedir. Konuya ilişkin literatürün incelenmesi ve örnek olay analizleri yoluyla, afet yönetimi alanında politika yapıcılar ve uygulayıcılar için öneriler sunmayı amaçlayan çalışmanın, özellikle azgelişmiş ülkelerde afete karşı direncin artırılması ve kırılganlığın azaltılması noktasında önemli katkılar sağlaması hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Yönetimi, Afet Yönetişimi, Doğal Afetler, Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler, Sri Lanka

AN EXAMINATION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF SRI LANKA

Öz

This study examines the challenges of disaster management in developing countries, focusing on the case of Sri Lanka. Disaster management in developing countries presents unique difficulties due to capacity limitations, various socio-economic and political issues, and infrastructural challenges. The study analyzes these challenges through the lens of Sri Lanka, a country frequently affected by natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, landslides, and tsunamis. In this context, the study addresses systematic issues that hinder effective disaster management, such as inadequate infrastructure, limited financial resources, and ineffective policies. Additionally, it explores the value of governance as a solution in combating the disaster management problems faced by developing countries, examining how community preparedness and international aid shape disaster response and recovery processes. By drawing on Sri Lanka's experiences, the study underscores the importance of integrated disaster management strategies encompassing risk reduction, emergency response, and sustainable development. The findings highlight the necessity of a multi-faceted disaster governance approach, which includes capacity building, stakeholder engagement, technological advancements, and enhanced international cooperation to strengthen disaster resilience in developing countries. Through literature review and case study analysis, this study aims to provide recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in the field of disaster management, contributing to the broader discussion on increasing resilience and reducing vulnerability in less developed contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster Management, Disaster Governance, Natural Disasters, Developing Countries, Sri Lanka

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