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Kent Peyzajında Ekolojik Sanat

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 130 - 152, 25.10.2024

Öz

1960’lı yıllarda ortaya çıkan ekolojik sanat olgusu, farklı disiplinler tarafından üretilmiş kaynaklarda yeşil sanat, çevresel sanat gibi isimlerle de anılabilmektedir. Çevreyi sanatsal üretimin materyali olarak kullanan sanatçılar, iklim krizinin neden olduğu ekolojik yıkıma antropojen nedenleriyle birlikte dikkat çekmektedir. Çevre sorunlarını konu edinen ekolojik sanat, farklı sanat ve bilim dallarını entegre ederek kamusal farkındalığı artırabilmektedir. Sanatçıların çevre sorunlarına marjinal yaklaşımları bilim insanlarının da dikkatini çekerek konu ile ilgili yapılan araştırmaların sayısında artış sağlayabilmektedir. Ayrıca doğa dostu tüketim ürünlerinin yaygınlaştırılmasında ve kamuoyunun yaşadığı kente, ekosisteme ve dünyaya duyduğu saygının artmasına neden olabilmektedir. Derleme niteliğinde hazırlanan bu çalışmada peyzaj ve kent peyzajı terimleri açıklanmış, ekolojik sanatın kavramsal temelleri ve tarihsel gelişimi üzerinde durulmuş, dünyanın farklı yerlerinde yerleştirme yöntemi ile sergilenen beş ekolojik sanat örneği incelenerek kamusal etkilerine dikkat çekmek amaçlanmıştır. Seçilen çalışmaların kent peyzajını mekân olarak kullanması, kentsel açık ve yeşil alan adaleti, çevre sorunları ve küresel ısınma üzerine senaryo geliştiren işler ve kente özel ekolojik sorunlara odaklanıyor olması gözetilmiştir. Bu kapsamda çok sayıda ekolojik sanat örneği olması nedeni ile kentin sorunlarına odaklanan çalışmalara öncelik verilmiş, açık ve yeşil alan yetersizliği, küresel ısınma nedeni ile taşkın riski, ormansızlaşma, altyapı sorunları, mekânın sosyoekonomik ve sosyokültürel değeri tema olarak seçilmiştir. Uygulamaların anlam ve bağlam ilişkileri üzerinden kamuoyu farkındalığı yaratma ve hükümetleri çözüm önerileri geliştirmeye teşvik etme potansiyelleri değerlendirilmiştir.

Etik Beyan

Araştırma yayın ve etik kurallarına uyulmuştur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bireysel bir çalışmadır. Destekleyen kurum yoktur.

Kaynakça

  • Alehashemi, A. ve Mansouri, S. (2018). Landscape; a shifting concept the evolution of the concept of landscape from renaissance, BAGH-E NAZAR, 14(57), pp. 33-44.
  • Aminzadeh, B. (2015). Dimensions and identity components in urban landscape. İçinde Proceedings of the 1st National Conference of Iranian Architecture, Islamic (Face Today the Prospect of Tomorrow), Shiraz Municipality and Fars Construction Engineering Organization, Shiraz, Iran.
  • Anker, S., & Nelkin, D. (2003). The molecular gaze: Art in the genetic age. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
  • Arendt, H. (2003). Dünyanın sürekliliği ve sanat yapıtı. A. Derman (Çev.), Sanat Yapıtı (B. Lenoir, Ed., ss. 113-121). Yapı Kredi Yayınları
  • Arnaiz-Schmitz, C., Schmitz, M., Herrero-Jáuregui, C., Gutiérrez-Angonese, J., Pineda, F. ve Montes, C. (2018). Identifying socio-ecological networks in rural-urban gradients: Diagnosis of a changing cultural landscape, Science of the Total Environment, 612, 625-635.
  • Arslan, Ö. (2015). Exposure. https://ozgularslan.com/exposure-maruz/ adresinden 21 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Ash-Milby, K., Gibson, J., Hill, L. White Hawk, D. ve Tehee, C. (2017). How can contemporary art be more inclusive of native voices? The Walker Art Center: Sightlines. https://walkerart.org/magazine/inclusion-native-american-art-panel-discussion adresinden 15 Ağustos 2021 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Atılgan, A. (2020). Kurbağalıdere’nin temizlenmesi öyküsü. https://arifatilgan.wixsite.com/arifatilgan/single-post/kurba%C4%9Falidere-ni%CC%87n-temi%CC%87zlenmesi%CC%87-%C3%B6yk%C3%BCs%C3%BC adresinden 21 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Azhari, S., Zakariya, K. ve Abidin, N. (2014). Eco-public art in pursuit of a sustainable green city and public space. Conference: International Conference on Sustainable Urban Design for Liveable Cities, Kuala Lumpur.
  • Azzarello, N. (2014). Naziha Mestaoui projects virtual forests growing onto Paris’ monuments. https://www.designboom.com/art/naziha-mestaoui-virtual-forest-growing-paris-monuments-06-16-2014/ adresinden 20 Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Benham, K. (2016). Wheatfield – a confrontation: The work of Agnes Denes. Landscape Research Record, 5, 52-56.
  • Biennale of Sydney (2022). Naziha Mestaoui. https://www.biennaleofsydney.art/participants/naziha-mestaoui/ adresinden 22 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Carson, R. (1962). Silent spring. Houghton Mifflin. Boston, MA
  • Collins, T. (2004). Reconsidering the Monongahela Conference. http://moncon.greenmuseum.org/recap.htm adresinden 20 Ekim 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Corner, A. ve Groves, C. (2014). Breaking the climate change communication deadlock. Nature Climate Change, 4(9), 743–745.
  • Costa, B. ve Philip, K. (2008). Reaching the limit: When art becomes science—in tactical biopolitics. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.
  • Creative Carbon Scotland (2024). High Water Line. https://www.creativecarbonscotland.com/library/highwaterline adresinden 22 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Danto, C. A. (2010). Sanatın sonundan sonra, çağdaş sanat ve tarihin sınır çizgisi (Çev. Z. Demirsü). Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Denes, A. (1993). Notes on eco-logic: Environmental artwork, visual philosophy and global perspective. Leonardo, 26(5), 387–395.
  • Denes, A. (2001). Wheatfield - A Confrontation: Battery Park Landfill, Downtown Manhattan. http://www.agnesdenesstudio.com/works7.html adresinden 22 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Ellison, A. M., LeRoy, C. J., Landsbergen, K. J., Bosanquet, E., Borden, D. B., CaraDonna, P. J. vd. (2018). Art/science collaborations: New explorations of ecological systems, values, and their feedbacks. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 99(2), 180–191.
  • Frank, P. (2017). You can plant a virtual tree that grows to the rhythm of your heartbeat. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/one-beat-one-tree_n_5512285 adresinden 02 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Frantzeskaki, N., McPhearson, T., Collier, M. J., Kendal, D., Bulkeley, H., Dumitru, A. (2019). Nature-based solutions for urban climate change adaptation: Linking science, policy, and practice communities for evidence-based decision-making. BioScience, 69(6), 455–466.
  • Freud, S. (2009). Uygarlığın huzursuzluğu (Çev. H. Barışcan). Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Gablik, S. (1991). The Reenchantment of Art. Thames and Hudson, London.
  • Gibberd, F. (1970). Town design, architectural press, United Kingdom.
  • Green Cross (2020). Obituary Naziha Mestaoui – Creator of the I Tree 1 Heart Art Installation that Launched the Paris Climate Summit. https://gcft.fr/obituary-naziha-mestaoui-creator-of-the-i-tree-1-heart-art-installation-that-launched-the-paris-climate-summit/ adresinden 22 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Hare, N. (1970). Black ecology. The Black Scholar, 1(6), 2–8.
  • Harrison, H. M., ve Harrison, N. (1999). Green landscape: The world is a garden. Campus Verlag
  • Kaplan, A. (2009). Landscape architecture's commitment to landscape concept: a missing link?, Journal of Landscape Architecture, 4(1), 56-65.
  • Kayhan, F. (2017). Özgül Arslan ile Kurbağalıdere ve “estetik müdahale” üzerine. https://ozgularslan.com/ozgul-arslan-ile-kurbagalidere-ve-estetik-mudahale-uzerine-firdevs-kayhan-ozgul-arslan/ adresinden 03 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Kepes, G. (1972). Art and ecological consciousness. İçinde G. Kepes (Ed.), Arts of the environment (ss. 1–12). George Braziller: New York, NY.
  • Keshtkaran, R., Habibi, A. ve Sharif, H. (2017), Aesthetic preferences for visual quality of urban landscape in derak high-rise buildings (shiraz), Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(5), 94-100
  • Kirksey, E. (2014). The multispecies salon. Duke University Press: Durham, NC.
  • Leopold, A. (2004). Toprak etiği (N. Ertekin, Çev.). Üç Ekoloji: Doğa, Düşünce, Siyaset, 2, 125-143.
  • Lingfeng, Z. ve Xilong, J. (2009). On the situation of the urban landscape and development, Paper presented at the 2009 IEEE 10th International Conference on Computer-Aided Industrial Design ve Conceptual Design, IEEE, Wenzhou, China.
  • Lippard, L. R. (1973). Six years: The dematerialization of the art object from 1966 to 1972. University of California Press: Oakland, California.
  • Lippard, L. R. (1983). Overlay: contemporary art and the art of prehistory. New Press: New York, NY.
  • Lippard, L. R., Smith, S., Revkin, A. C. ve Gerdes, K. (2007). Weather report: Art and climate change. Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art: Boulder, CO.
  • Loris, A. A. (2012). The persistent water problems of Lima, Peru: Neoliberalism, institutional failures and social inequalities. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 33(3), 335–350.
  • Lynch, K. (1960), The image of the city. MIT press, United States.
  • Matilsky, B. (1992). Fragile ecologies: Contemporary artists’ interpretations and solutions. Rizzoli International: New York, NY.
  • McHarg, I.L. ve Mumford, L. (1969). Design with nature, American Museum of Natural History. New York.
  • McKee, Y. (2007). Art and the ends of environmentalism: From biosphere to the right to survival. İçinde M. Feher, G. Krikorian, ve Y. McKee (Eds), Nongovernmental politics (pp. 583–639). Zone Books: Brooklyn, New York.
  • McMaster, G. (2020). Contemporary art practice and indigenous knowledge. Zeitschrift Für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 68(2), 111–128.
  • Mestaoui, N. (2015). 1 heart 1 tree. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://unfccc.int/media/518176/1-heart-1-tree-dossier-partenaires-en.pdf adresinden 22 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Monge, L. (2011). Planton Movil. https://luciamonge.com/ adresinden 09 Mart 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Monge, L. (2018). Plantón Móvil: Interspecies collaboration in the walking forest. Global Performance Studies, 1(2). 24-46
  • Mosher, E. (2012). A line made by flooding – artist Eve Mosher: I never wanted to be right. https://gwarlingo.com/2012/a-line-made-by-flooding-artist-eve-mosher-i-never-wanted-to-be-right/ adresinden 20 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Mueller, E. (2022). Walking as artistic practice. https://teaching.ellenmueller.com/walking/2022/07/11/lucia-monge-planton-movil-2010/ adresinden 15 Mart 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Nassauer, J.I. (1995). Culture and changing landscape structure, Landscape Ecology, 10(4), 229237.
  • Nisbet, J. (2017). Contemporary environmental art. Routledge: New York, NY.
  • Nurmis, J. (2016). Visual climate change art 2005–2015: Discourse and practice. WIREs Climate Change, 7(4), 501–516.
  • Oğuz, D. (2015). Sanat perspektifinden çevre sorunları. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 5(8), 48-61.
  • Öçalan, G. (2007). Çağdaş sanatta bir anlatım dili olarak video ve enstalasyon (Yüksek lisans tezi). Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Öçalan, H. (2015). Kurbağalıdere’de salınan kupürlü perdenin gizemi. https://onedio.com/haber/kurbagalidere-de-salinan-gupurlu-perdenin-gizemi-588246. adresinden 01 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Sitte, C. (1945). The art of building cities: city building according to its artistic Fundamentals. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York. N.Y.
  • Sommer, L. K., ve Klöckner, C. A. (2021). Does activist art have the capacity to raise awareness in audiences? A study on climate change art at the ArtCOP21 event in Paris. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 15(1), 60–75.
  • Steiner, F.R. and Steiner, F. (2002). Human ecology: Following nature's lead. Island Press, Washington.
  • Süzen, H. N. (2010). Sanatta disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşım: Enstalasyon sanatı ve Genco Gülan Örneklemi. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 1(6), 147-162.
  • Uygun, G. (2015). Özgül Arslan: “Gelin, ‘maruz’ kalın”. https://www.gazetekadikoy.com.tr/kultur-sanat/zgl-arslan-039gelin-maruz039-kalin039. adresinden 20 Eylül 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Wallen, R. (2012). Ecological art: A call for visionary intervention in a time of crisis. Leonardo, 45(3), 234–242.
  • Watts, P., ve Lipton, A. (2004). Ecoart: Ecological art. İçinde H. Strewlow, H. Prigann, ve V. David (Eds), Ecological aesthetics: Art in environmental design, theory and practice (pp. 90–95). Birkhäuser: Basel, Switzerland.
  • Weintraub, L. (2012). To life! Eco art in pursuit of a sustainable planet. University of California Press: Oakland, CA.
  • Wit, S.I. (2016), Let’s walk urban landscapes: New pathways in design research, Journal of Landscape Architecture, 11(1), 96-97.
  • Wu, J., He, C., Huang, G. ve Yu, D. (2013). Urban landscape ecology: Past, present, and future. İçinde Fu, B. and Jones, K.B. (Ed.), Landscape ecology for sustainable environment and culture (pp. 37-53), Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Yıldız, E. (2004). Çevre sorunları ve sanat (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Zhang, Y. (2014). Artistic vision of the urban landscape design, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 584(586), 625-629.

Ecological Art in Urban Landscape

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 130 - 152, 25.10.2024

Öz

The ecological art phenomenon, which emerged in the 1960s, can also be referred to as green art and environmental art in sources produced by different disciplines. Artists who use the environment as a material for artistic production draw attention to the ecological destruction caused by the climate crisis and its anthropogenic causes. Ecological art deals with environmental problems can increase public awareness by integrating different branches of art and science. Artists' marginal approaches to environmental problems can attract the attention of scientists and increase the number of studies on the subject. It can also lead to the dissemination of nature-friendly consumer products and increase the public's respect for the city, ecosystem, and the world they live in. In this compilation study, the terms landscape and urban landscape are explained, the conceptual foundations and historical development of ecological art are emphasized, and five examples of ecological art exhibited in different parts of the world with installation technique are examined. It is aimed to draw attention to their public effects. It was taken into account that the selected works use the urban landscape as a space, urban open and green space justice, works that develop scenarios on environmental problems and global warming, and focus on ecological problems specific to the city. In this context, due to the large number of examples of ecological art, priority was given to works focusing on the city's problems. Lack of open and green areas, flood risk due to global warming, deforestation, infrastructure problems, and socioeconomic and sociocultural value of the place were chosen as themes. The potential of the applications to raise public awareness through meaning and context relations and to encourage governments to develop solution proposals was evaluated.

Kaynakça

  • Alehashemi, A. ve Mansouri, S. (2018). Landscape; a shifting concept the evolution of the concept of landscape from renaissance, BAGH-E NAZAR, 14(57), pp. 33-44.
  • Aminzadeh, B. (2015). Dimensions and identity components in urban landscape. İçinde Proceedings of the 1st National Conference of Iranian Architecture, Islamic (Face Today the Prospect of Tomorrow), Shiraz Municipality and Fars Construction Engineering Organization, Shiraz, Iran.
  • Anker, S., & Nelkin, D. (2003). The molecular gaze: Art in the genetic age. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
  • Arendt, H. (2003). Dünyanın sürekliliği ve sanat yapıtı. A. Derman (Çev.), Sanat Yapıtı (B. Lenoir, Ed., ss. 113-121). Yapı Kredi Yayınları
  • Arnaiz-Schmitz, C., Schmitz, M., Herrero-Jáuregui, C., Gutiérrez-Angonese, J., Pineda, F. ve Montes, C. (2018). Identifying socio-ecological networks in rural-urban gradients: Diagnosis of a changing cultural landscape, Science of the Total Environment, 612, 625-635.
  • Arslan, Ö. (2015). Exposure. https://ozgularslan.com/exposure-maruz/ adresinden 21 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Ash-Milby, K., Gibson, J., Hill, L. White Hawk, D. ve Tehee, C. (2017). How can contemporary art be more inclusive of native voices? The Walker Art Center: Sightlines. https://walkerart.org/magazine/inclusion-native-american-art-panel-discussion adresinden 15 Ağustos 2021 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Atılgan, A. (2020). Kurbağalıdere’nin temizlenmesi öyküsü. https://arifatilgan.wixsite.com/arifatilgan/single-post/kurba%C4%9Falidere-ni%CC%87n-temi%CC%87zlenmesi%CC%87-%C3%B6yk%C3%BCs%C3%BC adresinden 21 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Azhari, S., Zakariya, K. ve Abidin, N. (2014). Eco-public art in pursuit of a sustainable green city and public space. Conference: International Conference on Sustainable Urban Design for Liveable Cities, Kuala Lumpur.
  • Azzarello, N. (2014). Naziha Mestaoui projects virtual forests growing onto Paris’ monuments. https://www.designboom.com/art/naziha-mestaoui-virtual-forest-growing-paris-monuments-06-16-2014/ adresinden 20 Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Benham, K. (2016). Wheatfield – a confrontation: The work of Agnes Denes. Landscape Research Record, 5, 52-56.
  • Biennale of Sydney (2022). Naziha Mestaoui. https://www.biennaleofsydney.art/participants/naziha-mestaoui/ adresinden 22 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Carson, R. (1962). Silent spring. Houghton Mifflin. Boston, MA
  • Collins, T. (2004). Reconsidering the Monongahela Conference. http://moncon.greenmuseum.org/recap.htm adresinden 20 Ekim 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Corner, A. ve Groves, C. (2014). Breaking the climate change communication deadlock. Nature Climate Change, 4(9), 743–745.
  • Costa, B. ve Philip, K. (2008). Reaching the limit: When art becomes science—in tactical biopolitics. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.
  • Creative Carbon Scotland (2024). High Water Line. https://www.creativecarbonscotland.com/library/highwaterline adresinden 22 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Danto, C. A. (2010). Sanatın sonundan sonra, çağdaş sanat ve tarihin sınır çizgisi (Çev. Z. Demirsü). Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Denes, A. (1993). Notes on eco-logic: Environmental artwork, visual philosophy and global perspective. Leonardo, 26(5), 387–395.
  • Denes, A. (2001). Wheatfield - A Confrontation: Battery Park Landfill, Downtown Manhattan. http://www.agnesdenesstudio.com/works7.html adresinden 22 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Ellison, A. M., LeRoy, C. J., Landsbergen, K. J., Bosanquet, E., Borden, D. B., CaraDonna, P. J. vd. (2018). Art/science collaborations: New explorations of ecological systems, values, and their feedbacks. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 99(2), 180–191.
  • Frank, P. (2017). You can plant a virtual tree that grows to the rhythm of your heartbeat. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/one-beat-one-tree_n_5512285 adresinden 02 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Frantzeskaki, N., McPhearson, T., Collier, M. J., Kendal, D., Bulkeley, H., Dumitru, A. (2019). Nature-based solutions for urban climate change adaptation: Linking science, policy, and practice communities for evidence-based decision-making. BioScience, 69(6), 455–466.
  • Freud, S. (2009). Uygarlığın huzursuzluğu (Çev. H. Barışcan). Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Gablik, S. (1991). The Reenchantment of Art. Thames and Hudson, London.
  • Gibberd, F. (1970). Town design, architectural press, United Kingdom.
  • Green Cross (2020). Obituary Naziha Mestaoui – Creator of the I Tree 1 Heart Art Installation that Launched the Paris Climate Summit. https://gcft.fr/obituary-naziha-mestaoui-creator-of-the-i-tree-1-heart-art-installation-that-launched-the-paris-climate-summit/ adresinden 22 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Hare, N. (1970). Black ecology. The Black Scholar, 1(6), 2–8.
  • Harrison, H. M., ve Harrison, N. (1999). Green landscape: The world is a garden. Campus Verlag
  • Kaplan, A. (2009). Landscape architecture's commitment to landscape concept: a missing link?, Journal of Landscape Architecture, 4(1), 56-65.
  • Kayhan, F. (2017). Özgül Arslan ile Kurbağalıdere ve “estetik müdahale” üzerine. https://ozgularslan.com/ozgul-arslan-ile-kurbagalidere-ve-estetik-mudahale-uzerine-firdevs-kayhan-ozgul-arslan/ adresinden 03 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Kepes, G. (1972). Art and ecological consciousness. İçinde G. Kepes (Ed.), Arts of the environment (ss. 1–12). George Braziller: New York, NY.
  • Keshtkaran, R., Habibi, A. ve Sharif, H. (2017), Aesthetic preferences for visual quality of urban landscape in derak high-rise buildings (shiraz), Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(5), 94-100
  • Kirksey, E. (2014). The multispecies salon. Duke University Press: Durham, NC.
  • Leopold, A. (2004). Toprak etiği (N. Ertekin, Çev.). Üç Ekoloji: Doğa, Düşünce, Siyaset, 2, 125-143.
  • Lingfeng, Z. ve Xilong, J. (2009). On the situation of the urban landscape and development, Paper presented at the 2009 IEEE 10th International Conference on Computer-Aided Industrial Design ve Conceptual Design, IEEE, Wenzhou, China.
  • Lippard, L. R. (1973). Six years: The dematerialization of the art object from 1966 to 1972. University of California Press: Oakland, California.
  • Lippard, L. R. (1983). Overlay: contemporary art and the art of prehistory. New Press: New York, NY.
  • Lippard, L. R., Smith, S., Revkin, A. C. ve Gerdes, K. (2007). Weather report: Art and climate change. Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art: Boulder, CO.
  • Loris, A. A. (2012). The persistent water problems of Lima, Peru: Neoliberalism, institutional failures and social inequalities. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 33(3), 335–350.
  • Lynch, K. (1960), The image of the city. MIT press, United States.
  • Matilsky, B. (1992). Fragile ecologies: Contemporary artists’ interpretations and solutions. Rizzoli International: New York, NY.
  • McHarg, I.L. ve Mumford, L. (1969). Design with nature, American Museum of Natural History. New York.
  • McKee, Y. (2007). Art and the ends of environmentalism: From biosphere to the right to survival. İçinde M. Feher, G. Krikorian, ve Y. McKee (Eds), Nongovernmental politics (pp. 583–639). Zone Books: Brooklyn, New York.
  • McMaster, G. (2020). Contemporary art practice and indigenous knowledge. Zeitschrift Für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 68(2), 111–128.
  • Mestaoui, N. (2015). 1 heart 1 tree. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://unfccc.int/media/518176/1-heart-1-tree-dossier-partenaires-en.pdf adresinden 22 Mart 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Monge, L. (2011). Planton Movil. https://luciamonge.com/ adresinden 09 Mart 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Monge, L. (2018). Plantón Móvil: Interspecies collaboration in the walking forest. Global Performance Studies, 1(2). 24-46
  • Mosher, E. (2012). A line made by flooding – artist Eve Mosher: I never wanted to be right. https://gwarlingo.com/2012/a-line-made-by-flooding-artist-eve-mosher-i-never-wanted-to-be-right/ adresinden 20 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Mueller, E. (2022). Walking as artistic practice. https://teaching.ellenmueller.com/walking/2022/07/11/lucia-monge-planton-movil-2010/ adresinden 15 Mart 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Nassauer, J.I. (1995). Culture and changing landscape structure, Landscape Ecology, 10(4), 229237.
  • Nisbet, J. (2017). Contemporary environmental art. Routledge: New York, NY.
  • Nurmis, J. (2016). Visual climate change art 2005–2015: Discourse and practice. WIREs Climate Change, 7(4), 501–516.
  • Oğuz, D. (2015). Sanat perspektifinden çevre sorunları. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 5(8), 48-61.
  • Öçalan, G. (2007). Çağdaş sanatta bir anlatım dili olarak video ve enstalasyon (Yüksek lisans tezi). Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Öçalan, H. (2015). Kurbağalıdere’de salınan kupürlü perdenin gizemi. https://onedio.com/haber/kurbagalidere-de-salinan-gupurlu-perdenin-gizemi-588246. adresinden 01 Eylül 2023 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Sitte, C. (1945). The art of building cities: city building according to its artistic Fundamentals. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York. N.Y.
  • Sommer, L. K., ve Klöckner, C. A. (2021). Does activist art have the capacity to raise awareness in audiences? A study on climate change art at the ArtCOP21 event in Paris. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 15(1), 60–75.
  • Steiner, F.R. and Steiner, F. (2002). Human ecology: Following nature's lead. Island Press, Washington.
  • Süzen, H. N. (2010). Sanatta disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşım: Enstalasyon sanatı ve Genco Gülan Örneklemi. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 1(6), 147-162.
  • Uygun, G. (2015). Özgül Arslan: “Gelin, ‘maruz’ kalın”. https://www.gazetekadikoy.com.tr/kultur-sanat/zgl-arslan-039gelin-maruz039-kalin039. adresinden 20 Eylül 2024 Tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Wallen, R. (2012). Ecological art: A call for visionary intervention in a time of crisis. Leonardo, 45(3), 234–242.
  • Watts, P., ve Lipton, A. (2004). Ecoart: Ecological art. İçinde H. Strewlow, H. Prigann, ve V. David (Eds), Ecological aesthetics: Art in environmental design, theory and practice (pp. 90–95). Birkhäuser: Basel, Switzerland.
  • Weintraub, L. (2012). To life! Eco art in pursuit of a sustainable planet. University of California Press: Oakland, CA.
  • Wit, S.I. (2016), Let’s walk urban landscapes: New pathways in design research, Journal of Landscape Architecture, 11(1), 96-97.
  • Wu, J., He, C., Huang, G. ve Yu, D. (2013). Urban landscape ecology: Past, present, and future. İçinde Fu, B. and Jones, K.B. (Ed.), Landscape ecology for sustainable environment and culture (pp. 37-53), Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Yıldız, E. (2004). Çevre sorunları ve sanat (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Zhang, Y. (2014). Artistic vision of the urban landscape design, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 584(586), 625-629.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kentsel Toplum Gelişimi, Kamu Yönetimi, Yerel Yönetimler, Kent Sosyolojisi ve Toplum Çalışmaları
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Osman Zeybek 0000-0002-2752-407X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ekim 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Zeybek, O. (2024). Kent Peyzajında Ekolojik Sanat. Urban 21 Journal, 2(2), 130-152.