Oral İmplantolojide Farklı Abutment Sistemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Geleneksel Yöntemlerden Yenilikçi Simansız Çözümlere

Öz

Oral implantoloji alanındaki uygulamalar, diş eksiklerinin fonksiyonel ve estetik gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla günümüzde sıklıkla kullanılmakta ve her geçen gün gelişmeye devam etmektedir. İmplant destekli sabit protezlerde kullanılan üst yapı bileşeni olan abutmentlar, mekanik dayanıklılık, biyouyumluluk ve estetik gereksinimler açısından kritik önem taşımaktadır. Son yıllarda geliştirilen modern sistemler, geleneksel protezlerde görülen komplikasyonları azaltmayı hedeflemektedir. Özellikle peri-implant mukozitis ve peri-implantitis riskini en aza indirmeye yönelik simansız sistemler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede, implant destekli sabit protezlerde kullanılan farklı abutment sistemleri biyomekanik, biyolojik ve estetik yönden incelenmiştir. Farklı abutment sistemleri, materyalleri ve restorasyonların retansiyon tipine göre farklı kullanım alanı bulan abutment yapıları ele alınarak özellikle yenilikçi sistemlerin güncel literatüre göre sunduğu avantajlar değerlendirilmiştir. Güncel yaklaşımlar etkin tedavi seçenekleri sunmakla birlikte klinik başarısı, sınırlamaları ve uygulanabilirliğini daha ayrıntılı değerlendirmek için gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalar önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Abutment materyalleri
• Simansız sistemler
• İmplant-abutment dizaynı
• İmplant destekli protez

Evaluation of Different Abutment Systems in Oral Implantology: From Conventional Methods to Innovative Cementless Solutions

Abstract

Applications in the field of oral implantology are increasingly utilized to meet the functional and aesthetic requirements of tooth deficiencies and continue to evolve. Abutments, as superstructure components in implant-supported fixed prostheses, play a critical role in terms of mechanical durability, biocompatibility, and aesthetic outcomes. Modern systems developed in recent years aim to reduce complications observed in conventional prostheses. In particular, cementless systems have gained prominence to minimize the risk of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. This review examines different abutment systems used in implant-supported fixed prostheses from biomechanical, biological and aesthetic perspectives. Various abutment structures, categorized based on materials and retention types, are discussed, with a particular focus on the advantages offered by innovative systems according to the current literature. Although current approaches offer effective treatment options, future studies are important to further evaluate their clinical success, limitations and applicability.

Keywords

• Abutment materials
• Cementless systems
• Implant-abutment design
• Implant-supported prosthesis

Kaynakça

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