Endodontide Lazerler

Öz

Lazer teknolojisi, dezenfeksiyonu artırma, klinik sonuçları iyileştirme ve doku iyileşmesini destekleme potansiyeli nedeniyle endodontide giderek artan ilgi görmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, lazerlerin etki mekanizmaları, klinik kullanım alanları, avantajları ve sınırlılıkları ile birlikte endodontideki uygulamalarını kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmektir. Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, diyot ve CO₂ lazerler gibi farklı sistemler, dalga boyu ve absorpsiyon özelliklerine bağlı olarak dental dokularla farklı etkileşimler göstermektedir. Bu özellikler, lazerlerin vital pulpa tedavileri, kök kanal dezenfeksiyonu, irrigasyon aktivasyonu, retreatment, dentin hassasiyeti tedavisi, beyazlatma ve endodontik cerrahi gibi geniş bir kullanım alanına sahip olmasını sağlamaktadır. PIPS ve SWEEPS gibi fotoakustik irrigasyon teknikleri irrigant penetrasyonunu ve biyofilm uzaklaştırılmasını artırırken, fotodinamik terapi ve düşük seviyeli lazer tedavisi antimikrobiyal etki ve biyostimülasyon sağlamaktadır. Ancak umut verici in vitro ve kısa dönem klinik bulgulara rağmen, uzun dönem klinik üstünlük açısından kanıtlar sınırlıdır. Lazerler minimal invazivlik, hasta konforu ve antimikrobiyal etkinlik gibi avantajlar sunsa da yüksek maliyet, teknik hassasiyet ve standart protokol eksikliği yaygın kullanımını sınırlandırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, lazerler konvansiyonel yöntemlerin yerine geçen değil, onları destekleyen yardımcı araçlar olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Standart protokollerin belirlenmesi ve uzun dönem etkinliğin ortaya konması için daha fazla klinik çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endodonti
• Lazer destekli irrigasyon
• Kök kanal dezenfeksiyonu
• Postoperatif ağrı
• Rejeneratif endodonti

Lasers in Endodontics

Öz

Laser technology has increasingly gained attention in endodontics due to its potential to enhance disinfection, improve clinical outcomes, and support tissue healing. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of lasers in endodontics, including their mechanisms of action, clinical indications, advantages, and limitations. Different laser systems, such as Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, diode, and CO₂ lasers, exhibit distinct interactions with dental tissues depending on their wavelength and absorption characteristics. These properties enable their use in a wide range of procedures, including vital pulp therapy, root canal disinfection, irrigation activation, retreatment, management of dentin hypersensitivity, bleaching, and endodontic surgery. Laser-assisted techniques, particularly photoacoustic irrigation methods such as PIPS and SWEEPS, have been shown to improve irrigant penetration and biofilm disruption. Additionally, photodynamic therapy and low-level laser therapy contribute to antimicrobial effects and biostimulation. However, despite promising in vitro and short-term clinical findings, evidence regarding long-term clinical superiority remains limited. While lasers offer advantages such as minimally invasive procedures, improved patient comfort, and enhanced antimicrobial efficacy, their widespread clinical adoption is restricted by high cost, technique sensitivity, and lack of standardized protocols. In conclusion, lasers should be considered as adjunctive tools rather than replacements for conventional endodontic techniques. Further well-designed clinical studies are required to establish standardized protocols and to clarify their long-term clinical effectiveness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endodontics
• Laser-assisted irrigation
• Root canal disinfection
• Postoperative pain
• Regenerative endodontics

Kaynakça

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