Hastalıkların toplumsal yansıması: Hastalık kimliği ve hastalıkların kimlikleşme sebepleri

Öz

Sağlık yalnızca medikal boyutu olan bir olgu değildir. Aynı zamanda sosyal ve psikolojik yönü de bulunmaktadır. Özellikle hastalıklar toplum içerisinde bireyi tanımlayan ve diğer insanların gözünde damgalanmasına sebep olan bir olgu halini almaktadır. Bu çalışmada toplum tarafından kimlikleştiği düşünülen hastalıkların tespit edilmesi ve hastalıkların kimlikleşme sebebplerinin toplumun gözünden ortaya koyulması amacıyla nitel araştıma yöntemi tercih edilmiş, 18 yaşından büyük 152 gönüllü katılımcıdan yapılandırılmış soru formu aracılığıyla veri toplanmıştır. 51 farklı hastalığın kimlik haline gelebileceği tespit edilmiştir. Bu hastalıklar içerisinde, diyabet (51), kanser türleri(46) ve kalp hastalıklarının (37) öne çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Aynı şekilde hastalıkların oluşturdukları kısıtlılıklar, hastalığın birey tarafından kabullenilmesi ve hastalığın bireyde oluşturuduğu değişimler, hastalığın yaşamı şekillendirmesi, hastalığın mecburiyet oluşturması, hastalığın sürekliliği ve hastalığın diğer özellikleri ile hastalığın önceliklendirilmesi ve hasta bireye karşı olumsuz tutum ve davranışların bir hastalığın kimlik haline gelmesine sebep olabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hastalık kimliği
• Hastalık
• Kimlik
• Kimlikleşme

Social reflection of illnesses: Illness identity and the reasons for the identification of illnesses

Öz

Health is not only a phenomenon with a medical dimension. It also has social and psychological aspects. Especially illnesses become a phenomenon that defines the individual in society and causes stigmatisation in the eyes of other people. In this study, qualitative research method was preferred in order to identify the illnesses that are thought to be identified by the society and to reveal the reasons for the identification of illnesses from the eyes of the society, and data were collected from 152 volunteer participants over the age of 18 through a structured questionnaire. It was determined that 51 different illnesses can become an identity. Among these diseases, diabetes (51), cancer (46) and heart diseases (37) were found to be prominent. In the same way, it has been determined that the limitations caused by illnesses, the acceptance of the illness by the individual and the changes caused by the illness in the individual, the shaping of life by the illness, the necessity of the illness, the continuity of the illness and other characteristics of the illness, the prioritisation of the illness and negative attitudes and behaviours towards the sick individual can cause a disease to become an identity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Illness identity
• Illnesses
• Identity
• Identification

Kaynakça

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