The Relationship Between Primary School Teachers’ Resistance to Change Behaviors and Their Self-Efficacy
Yıl 2013,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, - , 04.06.2013
Temel Çalık
Serkan Koşar Ali Çağatay Kılınç Emre Er
Öz
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between primary school teachers’ resistance to change behaviors and their self-efficacy levels. The study employed relational search model. The population of the study consisted of 415 teachers employed in 14 primary schools in Ankara city center. Data was collected via “Resistance to Change Scale” and “Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale”. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients and standard multiple regression analysis were performed to analyze the data. Results indicated that all sub-scales of teacher self-efficacy were negatively correlated with resistance to change. It was also referred from the results that sub-scales of teacher self-efficacy were positively correlated with each other. Finally, regression analysis results mirrored resistance to change was not predicted significantly by any subscales of teacher self-efficacy.
Kaynakça
- Akpınar, B. ve Aydın, K. (2007). Eğitimde değişim ve öğretmenlerin değişim algıları. Eğitim ve Bilim, 32(144), 71-80.
- Balcı, A. (2001). Etkili okul ve okul geliştirme. Ankara: Pegem A.
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
- Banning, E. I. (1954). Teachers attitudes toward curriculum change: The effect of personal relationships on the degree of favorableness. The Journal of Experimental Education 23(2), 133-147.
- Bitto, L., & Butler, S. (2010). Math teacher self-efficacy and its relationship to teacher effectiveness. Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education, 3(1), 40-45.
- Bouckenooghe, D. (2009). What is crucial in developing a positive attitude toward change? The role of content, context, process and individual variables in understanding readiness for change (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ghent University. http://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/308/921/RUG01001308921_2010_0001_AC.pdf adresinden 10.03.2013 tarihinde erişim sağlanmıştır.
- Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2000). A longitudinal study of teacher burnout and perceived self-efficacy in classroom management. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(2), 239-253.
- Burnes, B. (2009). Managing change. Essex: Pearson.
- Cagle, K., & Hopkins, P. (2009). Teacher self-efficacy and the supervision of marginal teachers. Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education, 2(1), 25-31.
- Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Steca, P., & Malone, P. S. (2006). Teacher s elf-efficacy beliefs as determinants of job satisfaction and students’ academic achievement: A study at the school level. Journal of school Psychology, 44, 473-490.
- Cenker, B. ve Akgül-Macaroğlu, E. (2011). İlköğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin okulda değişim yönetiminin gerçekleştirilmesine bakış açılarının değerlendirilmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Journal of Education, 1(1), 26-31.
- Coch, L., & French, J. R. P., Jr. (1948). Overcoming resistance to change. Human Relations, 1(4), 512-532.
- Çapa, Y., Çakıroğlu, J. ve Sarıkaya, H. (2005). Öğretmenlik özyeterlik ölçeği Türkçe uyarlamasının geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 30(137), 74-81.
- Daly, A. (2010). Mapping the terrain. In A. Daly. (Ed.), Social network theory and educational change (pp. 1-16). Cambridge: Harvard Education.
- Dawson, P. (2003). Understanding organizational change: The contemporary experience of people at work. London: Sage.
- Demir, K. (2008). Transformational leadership and collective efficacy: The moderating roles of collaborative culture and teachers’ self-efficacy. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 33, 93-112.
- Domsch, G. D. (2009). A study investigating relationships between elementary principals’ and teachers’ self-efficacy and student achievement. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Evers, W. J. G., Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2002). Burnout and self-efficacy: A study on teachers’ beliefs when implementing an innovative educational system in the Netherlands. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72(2), 227-243.
- Floyd, P. (2002). Organizational change. Oxford: Capstone.
- Fullan, M. (1993). Why teachers must be change agents. Educational Leadership, 50(6), 12-17.
- Fullan, M. (2007). The new meaning of educational change. Amsterdam: Teachers College.
- Garcia, D. C. (2004). Exploring connections between the construct of teacher efficacy and family involvement practices: Implications for urban teacher preparation. Urban Education, 39(3), 290-315.
- Geller, E. S. (2003). Leadership to overcome resistance to change. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 22(3), 29-49.
- Gençtürk, A. ve Memiş, A. (2010). İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin özyeterlik algıları ve iş doyumlarının demografik faktörler açısından incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 9(3), 1037-1054.
- Ghaith, G., & Yaghi, H. (1997). Relationships among experience, teacher efficacy, and attitudes toward the implementation of instructional innovation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 13(4), 451-458.
- Goddart, R. D., Hoy, W. K., & Hoy, A. W. (2000). Collective teacher efficacy: Its meaning, measure, and impact on student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 37(2), 479-507.
- Gorozidis, G., & Papioannou, A (2011). Teachers’ self efficacy, achievement goals, attitudes and intentions to implement the new Greek physical education curriculum. European Physical Education Review, 17(2), 2312
- Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A. (2000). Behavior in organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Griffin, K. L. (2009). The relationship between self-efficacy of teachers and their perception of the school principal’s leadership style. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis database. (UMI No. 3374149) Guskey, T. R. (1987). Context variables that affect measures of teacher efficacy. Journal of Educational Research, 81(1), 41-47.
- Guskey, T. R., & Passaro, P. (1993). Teacher efficacy: A study of construct dimensions. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Education. (Atlanta, GA, April 11-16, 1993).
- Güçlü, N., Özer, A., Kurt, T. ve Kandemir, M. (2010). Öğretmenlerin yeni ilköğretim programına ilişkin tutumlarının, epistemolojik inançlarına ve değişime direnme tutumlarına dayalı olarak yordanması. V. Ulusal Eğitim Yönetimi Kongresi, 1-2 Mayıs 2010, Antalya.
- Hargreaves, A. (1998). Changing teachers changing times: Teachers work and culture in the postmodern age. London: Cassel.
- Hargreaves, A. (2005). Educational change takes ages: Life, career and generational factors in teachers’ emotional responses to educational change. Teaching and Teacher Education 21(8), 967-983.
- Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (1998). What’s worth fighting for out there. Toronto: Teachers’ College.
- Harris, A. (2002). School improvement: What is in it for schools? London: Routledge Falmer.
- Hopkins, D. (2007). Every school a great school: Realizing the potential of system leadership. Berkshire: Open University.
- Hoy, A. W. (2000). Changes in teacher efficacy during the early years of teaching. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. Session 43:22, Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Examining Efficacy in Teaching and Learning, April 28.
- Hsiao, H. C., Chang, J. C., Tu, Y. L., & Chen, S. C. (2011). The impact of selfefficacy on innovative work behavior for teachers. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 11(1), 31-36.
- Jerald, C. D. (2007). Believing and achieving (Issue Brief). Washington, DC: Center for Comprehensive School Reform and Improvement. http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/E D495708. pdf adresinden 23.03.2013 tarihinde erişim sağlanmıştır.
- Kennedy, C., & Kennedy, J. (1996). Teacher attitudes and change implementation. System, 24(3), 351-360.
- Kurt, T. (2009). Okul müdürlerinin dönüşümcü ve eylemci liderlik stilleri ile öğretmenlerin kolektif yeterliği ve öz yeterliği arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara. Lee, B., Cawthon, S., & Dawson, K. (2013). Elementary and secondary teacher self-efficacy for teaching and pedagogical conceptual change in a drama-based professional development program. Teaching and Teacher Education, 30, 84-98.
- Lewandowski, K. H. (2005). A study of the relationship of teachers’ self-efficacy and the impact of leadership and professional development (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Nickerson, J. (2010). Leading change in web 2.1 world. Washington: Brookings Institution.
- Nie, Y., Tan, G. H., Liau, A. K., Lau, S., & Chua, B. L. (2013). The roles of teacher efficacy in instructional innovation: Its predictive relations to constructivist and didactic instruction. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 12(1), 67-77.
- Oreg, S. (2006). Personality, context and resistance to organizational change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 15(1), 73-101.
- Piderit, S. K. (2000). Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: A multi dimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 783-794.
- Ross, J. A. (1992). Teacher efficacy and the effects of coaching on student achievement. Canadian Journal of Education, 17(1), 51-65.
- Ross, J. A., & Gray, P. (2006). Transformational leadership and teacher commitment to organizational values: The mediating effects of collective teacher efficacy. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(2), 179-199.
- Schwarzer, R., & Hallum, S. (2008). Perceived teacher self-efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Mediation analyses. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 152-171.
- Seashore, K. R. (2009). Leadership and change in schools: Personal reflections over the last 30 years. Journal of Educational Change, 10(23), 129-140.
- Stickland, F. (1998). The dynamics of change: Insights into organisational transition from the natural world. London: Routledge.
- Töremen, F. (2002). Eğitim örgütlerinde değişimin engel ve nedenleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 185-202.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2001). Teacher efficacy: Capturing and elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(7), 783-805.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2007). The differential antecedents of self-efficacy beliefs of novice and experienced teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(6), 944-956.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., Hoy, A. W., & Hoy, W. K. (1988). Teacher efficacy: Its meaning and measure. Review of Educational Research, 68, 202-248.
- Usher, E. L., & Pajares, F. (2008). Sources of self-efficacy in school: Critical review of the literature and future directions. Review of Educational Research, 78(4), 751-796.
- Varank, I., & Tozoglu, D. (2006). Why are teachers resistant to change? Key issues and challenges in technology integration. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 193-207.
- Warrick, D. D. (2010). Launch: Assessment, action planning, and implementation. In W. J. Rothwell, J. M. Stavros, R. Sullivian, & A. Sullivian. (Eds.), Practicing organizational development: A guide for leading change (pp. 234-268). San Francisco: Wiley.
- Wheatley, M. J. (2006). Leadership and the new science. California: BerrettKoehler.
- Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review, 14(3), 361-384.
- Woodman, R. W., & Dewett, T. (2004). Organizationally relevant journeys in individual change. In Marshall S. Poole, & Andrew H. Van de Ven (Eds.), Handbook of organizational change and innovation (pp. 32-49). New York: Oxford University.
- Yılmaz, K. ve Çokluk-Bökeoğlu, O. (2008). İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin yeterlik inançları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(2), 143-167.
- Yücel, C., Yalçın, M. ve Ay, B. (2009). Öğretmenlerin öz-yeterlikleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21, 221-235.
- Zayim, M. (2010). Investigating the relationship between primary and secondary level public school teachers’ readiness for change and perceived organizational trust (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Zimmerman, J. (2006). Why some teachers resist change and what principals can do about it. NASSP Bulletin, 90(3), 238-249.
İlköğretim Okulu Öğretmenlerinin Değişime Direnme Davranışları ile Öz Yeterlikleri Arasındaki İlişki
Yıl 2013,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, - , 04.06.2013
Temel Çalık
Serkan Koşar Ali Çağatay Kılınç Emre Er
Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı ilköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin değişime direnme davranışları ile öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesidir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde kurgulanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Ankara il merkezinde bulunan 14 ilköğretim okulunda görev yapan 415 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri “Değişime Direnme Ölçeği” ve “Öğretmen Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Katsayısı ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları değişime direnmenin öğretmen öz yeterliğinin tüm alt boyutlarıyla negatif yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, öğretmen öz yeterliğinin alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönlü ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, regresyon analizi sonuçları öğretmen öz yeterliğinin her üç boyutunun da değişime direnmenin anlamlı birer yordayıcısı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Akpınar, B. ve Aydın, K. (2007). Eğitimde değişim ve öğretmenlerin değişim algıları. Eğitim ve Bilim, 32(144), 71-80.
- Balcı, A. (2001). Etkili okul ve okul geliştirme. Ankara: Pegem A.
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
- Banning, E. I. (1954). Teachers attitudes toward curriculum change: The effect of personal relationships on the degree of favorableness. The Journal of Experimental Education 23(2), 133-147.
- Bitto, L., & Butler, S. (2010). Math teacher self-efficacy and its relationship to teacher effectiveness. Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education, 3(1), 40-45.
- Bouckenooghe, D. (2009). What is crucial in developing a positive attitude toward change? The role of content, context, process and individual variables in understanding readiness for change (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ghent University. http://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/308/921/RUG01001308921_2010_0001_AC.pdf adresinden 10.03.2013 tarihinde erişim sağlanmıştır.
- Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2000). A longitudinal study of teacher burnout and perceived self-efficacy in classroom management. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(2), 239-253.
- Burnes, B. (2009). Managing change. Essex: Pearson.
- Cagle, K., & Hopkins, P. (2009). Teacher self-efficacy and the supervision of marginal teachers. Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education, 2(1), 25-31.
- Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Steca, P., & Malone, P. S. (2006). Teacher s elf-efficacy beliefs as determinants of job satisfaction and students’ academic achievement: A study at the school level. Journal of school Psychology, 44, 473-490.
- Cenker, B. ve Akgül-Macaroğlu, E. (2011). İlköğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin okulda değişim yönetiminin gerçekleştirilmesine bakış açılarının değerlendirilmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Journal of Education, 1(1), 26-31.
- Coch, L., & French, J. R. P., Jr. (1948). Overcoming resistance to change. Human Relations, 1(4), 512-532.
- Çapa, Y., Çakıroğlu, J. ve Sarıkaya, H. (2005). Öğretmenlik özyeterlik ölçeği Türkçe uyarlamasının geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 30(137), 74-81.
- Daly, A. (2010). Mapping the terrain. In A. Daly. (Ed.), Social network theory and educational change (pp. 1-16). Cambridge: Harvard Education.
- Dawson, P. (2003). Understanding organizational change: The contemporary experience of people at work. London: Sage.
- Demir, K. (2008). Transformational leadership and collective efficacy: The moderating roles of collaborative culture and teachers’ self-efficacy. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 33, 93-112.
- Domsch, G. D. (2009). A study investigating relationships between elementary principals’ and teachers’ self-efficacy and student achievement. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Evers, W. J. G., Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2002). Burnout and self-efficacy: A study on teachers’ beliefs when implementing an innovative educational system in the Netherlands. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72(2), 227-243.
- Floyd, P. (2002). Organizational change. Oxford: Capstone.
- Fullan, M. (1993). Why teachers must be change agents. Educational Leadership, 50(6), 12-17.
- Fullan, M. (2007). The new meaning of educational change. Amsterdam: Teachers College.
- Garcia, D. C. (2004). Exploring connections between the construct of teacher efficacy and family involvement practices: Implications for urban teacher preparation. Urban Education, 39(3), 290-315.
- Geller, E. S. (2003). Leadership to overcome resistance to change. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 22(3), 29-49.
- Gençtürk, A. ve Memiş, A. (2010). İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin özyeterlik algıları ve iş doyumlarının demografik faktörler açısından incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 9(3), 1037-1054.
- Ghaith, G., & Yaghi, H. (1997). Relationships among experience, teacher efficacy, and attitudes toward the implementation of instructional innovation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 13(4), 451-458.
- Goddart, R. D., Hoy, W. K., & Hoy, A. W. (2000). Collective teacher efficacy: Its meaning, measure, and impact on student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 37(2), 479-507.
- Gorozidis, G., & Papioannou, A (2011). Teachers’ self efficacy, achievement goals, attitudes and intentions to implement the new Greek physical education curriculum. European Physical Education Review, 17(2), 2312
- Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A. (2000). Behavior in organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Griffin, K. L. (2009). The relationship between self-efficacy of teachers and their perception of the school principal’s leadership style. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis database. (UMI No. 3374149) Guskey, T. R. (1987). Context variables that affect measures of teacher efficacy. Journal of Educational Research, 81(1), 41-47.
- Guskey, T. R., & Passaro, P. (1993). Teacher efficacy: A study of construct dimensions. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Education. (Atlanta, GA, April 11-16, 1993).
- Güçlü, N., Özer, A., Kurt, T. ve Kandemir, M. (2010). Öğretmenlerin yeni ilköğretim programına ilişkin tutumlarının, epistemolojik inançlarına ve değişime direnme tutumlarına dayalı olarak yordanması. V. Ulusal Eğitim Yönetimi Kongresi, 1-2 Mayıs 2010, Antalya.
- Hargreaves, A. (1998). Changing teachers changing times: Teachers work and culture in the postmodern age. London: Cassel.
- Hargreaves, A. (2005). Educational change takes ages: Life, career and generational factors in teachers’ emotional responses to educational change. Teaching and Teacher Education 21(8), 967-983.
- Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (1998). What’s worth fighting for out there. Toronto: Teachers’ College.
- Harris, A. (2002). School improvement: What is in it for schools? London: Routledge Falmer.
- Hopkins, D. (2007). Every school a great school: Realizing the potential of system leadership. Berkshire: Open University.
- Hoy, A. W. (2000). Changes in teacher efficacy during the early years of teaching. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. Session 43:22, Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Examining Efficacy in Teaching and Learning, April 28.
- Hsiao, H. C., Chang, J. C., Tu, Y. L., & Chen, S. C. (2011). The impact of selfefficacy on innovative work behavior for teachers. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 11(1), 31-36.
- Jerald, C. D. (2007). Believing and achieving (Issue Brief). Washington, DC: Center for Comprehensive School Reform and Improvement. http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/E D495708. pdf adresinden 23.03.2013 tarihinde erişim sağlanmıştır.
- Kennedy, C., & Kennedy, J. (1996). Teacher attitudes and change implementation. System, 24(3), 351-360.
- Kurt, T. (2009). Okul müdürlerinin dönüşümcü ve eylemci liderlik stilleri ile öğretmenlerin kolektif yeterliği ve öz yeterliği arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara. Lee, B., Cawthon, S., & Dawson, K. (2013). Elementary and secondary teacher self-efficacy for teaching and pedagogical conceptual change in a drama-based professional development program. Teaching and Teacher Education, 30, 84-98.
- Lewandowski, K. H. (2005). A study of the relationship of teachers’ self-efficacy and the impact of leadership and professional development (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Nickerson, J. (2010). Leading change in web 2.1 world. Washington: Brookings Institution.
- Nie, Y., Tan, G. H., Liau, A. K., Lau, S., & Chua, B. L. (2013). The roles of teacher efficacy in instructional innovation: Its predictive relations to constructivist and didactic instruction. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 12(1), 67-77.
- Oreg, S. (2006). Personality, context and resistance to organizational change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 15(1), 73-101.
- Piderit, S. K. (2000). Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: A multi dimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 783-794.
- Ross, J. A. (1992). Teacher efficacy and the effects of coaching on student achievement. Canadian Journal of Education, 17(1), 51-65.
- Ross, J. A., & Gray, P. (2006). Transformational leadership and teacher commitment to organizational values: The mediating effects of collective teacher efficacy. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(2), 179-199.
- Schwarzer, R., & Hallum, S. (2008). Perceived teacher self-efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Mediation analyses. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 152-171.
- Seashore, K. R. (2009). Leadership and change in schools: Personal reflections over the last 30 years. Journal of Educational Change, 10(23), 129-140.
- Stickland, F. (1998). The dynamics of change: Insights into organisational transition from the natural world. London: Routledge.
- Töremen, F. (2002). Eğitim örgütlerinde değişimin engel ve nedenleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 185-202.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2001). Teacher efficacy: Capturing and elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(7), 783-805.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2007). The differential antecedents of self-efficacy beliefs of novice and experienced teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(6), 944-956.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., Hoy, A. W., & Hoy, W. K. (1988). Teacher efficacy: Its meaning and measure. Review of Educational Research, 68, 202-248.
- Usher, E. L., & Pajares, F. (2008). Sources of self-efficacy in school: Critical review of the literature and future directions. Review of Educational Research, 78(4), 751-796.
- Varank, I., & Tozoglu, D. (2006). Why are teachers resistant to change? Key issues and challenges in technology integration. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 193-207.
- Warrick, D. D. (2010). Launch: Assessment, action planning, and implementation. In W. J. Rothwell, J. M. Stavros, R. Sullivian, & A. Sullivian. (Eds.), Practicing organizational development: A guide for leading change (pp. 234-268). San Francisco: Wiley.
- Wheatley, M. J. (2006). Leadership and the new science. California: BerrettKoehler.
- Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review, 14(3), 361-384.
- Woodman, R. W., & Dewett, T. (2004). Organizationally relevant journeys in individual change. In Marshall S. Poole, & Andrew H. Van de Ven (Eds.), Handbook of organizational change and innovation (pp. 32-49). New York: Oxford University.
- Yılmaz, K. ve Çokluk-Bökeoğlu, O. (2008). İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin yeterlik inançları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(2), 143-167.
- Yücel, C., Yalçın, M. ve Ay, B. (2009). Öğretmenlerin öz-yeterlikleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21, 221-235.
- Zayim, M. (2010). Investigating the relationship between primary and secondary level public school teachers’ readiness for change and perceived organizational trust (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Zimmerman, J. (2006). Why some teachers resist change and what principals can do about it. NASSP Bulletin, 90(3), 238-249.