BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

How Do Environmental Issues Threaten Basic Human Rights? The Case of the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster in Ukraine

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 85 - 98, 01.04.2015

Öz

The main purpose of this article is to analyse the link between environmental issues and human rights. It investigates whether environmental dangers and degradation constitutes a violation of these rights. The concept of a right to life is central to debates concerning issues of increasing environmental hazards and degradation. Environmental hazards are at the root of human rights violations and represent a major threat to people's lives as well as to the sustenance of the next generation. The right to life can be denied by events and issues with environmental consequences, such as death caused by polluted air or acute exposure to radioactivity. To reach a conclusion the study focuses on the environmental effects of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986 on five fundamental human rights: the right to life, a safe environment, health, clean water and food. The study concludes that the direct environmental results of the Chernobyl accident has threatened fundamental human rights in the regions of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia and that a clean environment is requisite for the enjoyment of human rights.

Kaynakça

  • AL FARUQUE, A. and BEGUM, N. (2004). Conceptualising Indigenous Peoples Rights: An Emerging New Category of Third-Generation Rights, Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights & the Law. 2004,. 5 (2), 1-29. 29.
  • AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL (2013). Article Three of the Universal Declaration. Available online at: <http://www.amnesty.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights-anniversary/article-three> [Accessed: 1 April 2014]
  • ANDERSSON, Lynne M. (2012). Individual Environmental Initiative: Championing Natural Environmental Issues in US Business Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (4), 548-570.
  • AMECHI, Emeka Polycarp (2009). Enhancing Environmental Protection and Socio-Economic Development in Africa: A Fresh Look at the Right to a General Satisfactory Environment under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Environment and Development Journal, 5 (1), 60-71.
  • BERGER, Eva M. (2010). The Chernobyl Disaster, Concern about the Environment, and Life Satisfaction. Kyklos, 63 (1), 1–8.
  • BOYD, David R. (2011). The Implicit Constitutional Right to Live in a Healthy Environment. Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 20 (2), 171-179.
  • BARBALACE, R. C. (1999). Chernobyl Disaster's Agricultural and Environmental Impact. Advance Online Publication. http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/hazmat/articles/chernobyl3.html
  • CHERNOBYL'S CANCER WORLD RECORD. (2013, 15 January). BBC, 1.
  • CULLET, P. (1995). Definition of an Environmental Right in a Human Rights Context. 13 Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 25-40.
  • CLEMSON, M. (2012). Human Rights and the Environment: Access to Energy. New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law, 16 (2), 39-81.
  • EDITORIAL: Chernobyl Forum, 2003–2005. (2005). International Atomic Energy Agency, 1-2.
  • EDITORIAL: Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ''Protocol of San Salvador''. (1988). Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
  • FAIRLIE, L. and SUMNER, D. (2006). The Other Report on Chernobyl. Berlin, Brussels, Kiev: TORCH.
  • FARYADI, Sh.; TAHERI, Sh. (2009). Interconnections of Urban Green Spaces and Environmental Quality of Tehran. International Journal of Environmental Research, 3 (2), 199-208.
  • GAFOOR, K.A. A. (2010). Human Rights: Rights to Life. Rajagiri Journal of Social Development, 1 (2),
  • HERRERA, I.; DE RUYCK, J.; OCANA, VS; RUBIO, M.; MARTINEZ, R.; NUNEZ, V. (2013). Environmental Impact of Decentralized Power Generation in Santa Clara City, Cuba: An Integrated Assessment Based on Technological and Human Health Risk Indicators. Applied Energy, 109, 24-35.
  • INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (2006). Environmental Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident and Their Remediation: Twenty Years of Experience (Report 8). Vienna: Radiological Assessment Reports.
  • KOTHARI, A. and PATEL, A. (2006). Environment and Human Rights. India: National Human Rights Commission.
  • GREENPEACE (2006). The Chernobyl Catastrophe Consequences on Human Health (Report 1). Amsterdam.
  • OGRODNIK, A., HUDON, T.W., NADKARNI, P.M. and CHANDAWARKAR, R.Y. (2013). Radiation Exposure and Breast Cancer: Lessons from Chernobyl. Connecticut Medicine, 77 (4), 227-234.
  • SHELTON, D. (2002). Human Rights, Health & Environmental Protection: Linkages in Law & Practice. Health and Human Rights Working Paper Series No 1.
  • SADELEER, N. D. (2012). Enforcing EUCHR Principles and Fundamental Rights in Environmental Cases. Nordic Journal of International Law, 81 (1), 39-74.
  • SACHS, W. (2004). Environment and Human Rights. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, Energy.
  • UNITED NATIONS OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (2006). Frequently Asked Question on a Human Rights-Based Approach to Development Cooperation. Available online at: <p://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FAQen.pdf.> [Accessed: 1 April 2014]
  • RETTNER, R. (March 15 2011). How Does Nuclear Radiation Harm the Body?. MyHealthNewsDaily.
  • THE CHERNOBYL FORM (2005). Chernobyl’s Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts and Recommendations to the Governments of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine (Report No. 2). Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation: The Chernobyl Forum: 2003–2005.
  • YABLOKOV, A. (2012). Debate on the Chernobyl Disaster: Response to Dr. Sergei V. Jargin. International Journal of Health Services, 42 (1), 35–44.
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2003). The Right to Water. Health and human rights publication series; no. 3.
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2006). Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident and Special Health Care Programmes (Report 1). Geneva: UN Chernobyl Forum Expert Group "Health.
  • http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx
  • http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/
  • http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=97&articleid=1503
  • http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htm
  • http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/z1afchar.htm
  • http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=97&ArticleID=1503
  • http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/index.html
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_the_Chernobyl_disaster
  • http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/index.html
  • http://www.livescience.com/13250-radiation-health-effects-japan-nuclear-reactor-cancer.html.

How Do Environmental Issues Threaten Basic Human Rights? The Case of the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster in Ukraine

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 85 - 98, 01.04.2015

Öz

The main purpose of this article is to analyse the link between environmental issues and human rights. It investigates whether environmental dangers and degradation constitutes a violation of these rights. The concept of a right to life is central to debates concerning issues of increasing environmental hazards and degradation. Environmental hazards are at the root of human rights violations and represent a major threat to people's lives as well as to the sustenance of the next generation. The right to life can be denied by events and issues with environmental consequences, such as death caused by polluted air or acute exposure to radioactivity. To reach a conclusion the study focuses on the environmental effects of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986 on five fundamental human rights: the right to life, a safe environment, health, clean water and food. The study concludes that the direct environmental results of the Chernobyl accident has threatened fundamental human rights in the regions of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia and that a clean environment is requisite for the enjoyment of human rights.

Kaynakça

  • AL FARUQUE, A. and BEGUM, N. (2004). Conceptualising Indigenous Peoples Rights: An Emerging New Category of Third-Generation Rights, Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights & the Law. 2004,. 5 (2), 1-29. 29.
  • AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL (2013). Article Three of the Universal Declaration. Available online at: <http://www.amnesty.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights-anniversary/article-three> [Accessed: 1 April 2014]
  • ANDERSSON, Lynne M. (2012). Individual Environmental Initiative: Championing Natural Environmental Issues in US Business Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (4), 548-570.
  • AMECHI, Emeka Polycarp (2009). Enhancing Environmental Protection and Socio-Economic Development in Africa: A Fresh Look at the Right to a General Satisfactory Environment under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Environment and Development Journal, 5 (1), 60-71.
  • BERGER, Eva M. (2010). The Chernobyl Disaster, Concern about the Environment, and Life Satisfaction. Kyklos, 63 (1), 1–8.
  • BOYD, David R. (2011). The Implicit Constitutional Right to Live in a Healthy Environment. Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 20 (2), 171-179.
  • BARBALACE, R. C. (1999). Chernobyl Disaster's Agricultural and Environmental Impact. Advance Online Publication. http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/hazmat/articles/chernobyl3.html
  • CHERNOBYL'S CANCER WORLD RECORD. (2013, 15 January). BBC, 1.
  • CULLET, P. (1995). Definition of an Environmental Right in a Human Rights Context. 13 Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 25-40.
  • CLEMSON, M. (2012). Human Rights and the Environment: Access to Energy. New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law, 16 (2), 39-81.
  • EDITORIAL: Chernobyl Forum, 2003–2005. (2005). International Atomic Energy Agency, 1-2.
  • EDITORIAL: Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ''Protocol of San Salvador''. (1988). Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
  • FAIRLIE, L. and SUMNER, D. (2006). The Other Report on Chernobyl. Berlin, Brussels, Kiev: TORCH.
  • FARYADI, Sh.; TAHERI, Sh. (2009). Interconnections of Urban Green Spaces and Environmental Quality of Tehran. International Journal of Environmental Research, 3 (2), 199-208.
  • GAFOOR, K.A. A. (2010). Human Rights: Rights to Life. Rajagiri Journal of Social Development, 1 (2),
  • HERRERA, I.; DE RUYCK, J.; OCANA, VS; RUBIO, M.; MARTINEZ, R.; NUNEZ, V. (2013). Environmental Impact of Decentralized Power Generation in Santa Clara City, Cuba: An Integrated Assessment Based on Technological and Human Health Risk Indicators. Applied Energy, 109, 24-35.
  • INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (2006). Environmental Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident and Their Remediation: Twenty Years of Experience (Report 8). Vienna: Radiological Assessment Reports.
  • KOTHARI, A. and PATEL, A. (2006). Environment and Human Rights. India: National Human Rights Commission.
  • GREENPEACE (2006). The Chernobyl Catastrophe Consequences on Human Health (Report 1). Amsterdam.
  • OGRODNIK, A., HUDON, T.W., NADKARNI, P.M. and CHANDAWARKAR, R.Y. (2013). Radiation Exposure and Breast Cancer: Lessons from Chernobyl. Connecticut Medicine, 77 (4), 227-234.
  • SHELTON, D. (2002). Human Rights, Health & Environmental Protection: Linkages in Law & Practice. Health and Human Rights Working Paper Series No 1.
  • SADELEER, N. D. (2012). Enforcing EUCHR Principles and Fundamental Rights in Environmental Cases. Nordic Journal of International Law, 81 (1), 39-74.
  • SACHS, W. (2004). Environment and Human Rights. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, Energy.
  • UNITED NATIONS OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (2006). Frequently Asked Question on a Human Rights-Based Approach to Development Cooperation. Available online at: <p://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FAQen.pdf.> [Accessed: 1 April 2014]
  • RETTNER, R. (March 15 2011). How Does Nuclear Radiation Harm the Body?. MyHealthNewsDaily.
  • THE CHERNOBYL FORM (2005). Chernobyl’s Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts and Recommendations to the Governments of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine (Report No. 2). Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation: The Chernobyl Forum: 2003–2005.
  • YABLOKOV, A. (2012). Debate on the Chernobyl Disaster: Response to Dr. Sergei V. Jargin. International Journal of Health Services, 42 (1), 35–44.
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2003). The Right to Water. Health and human rights publication series; no. 3.
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2006). Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident and Special Health Care Programmes (Report 1). Geneva: UN Chernobyl Forum Expert Group "Health.
  • http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx
  • http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/
  • http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=97&articleid=1503
  • http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htm
  • http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/z1afchar.htm
  • http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=97&ArticleID=1503
  • http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/index.html
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_the_Chernobyl_disaster
  • http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/index.html
  • http://www.livescience.com/13250-radiation-health-effects-japan-nuclear-reactor-cancer.html.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emrah Akyüz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akyüz, E. (2015). How Do Environmental Issues Threaten Basic Human Rights? The Case of the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster in Ukraine. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 85-98. https://doi.org/10.12780/uusbd.49215

Adres: Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Telefon: 0276 221 21 60 Faks :0276 221 21 61
E-posta: sosyaldergi@usak.edu.tr