MAKİNE ÖĞRENMESİ TEKNİKLERİYLE HASTALIK SINIFLANDIRMASI: RANDOM FOREST, K-NEAREST NEIGHBOUR VE ADABOOST ALGORİTMALARI UYGULAMASI

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 275 - 286, 29.08.2020

Ülkü Veranyurt Ahmet Deveci M. Fevzi Esen Ozan Veranyurt

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, sağlık yönetiminde etkinliği sağlamak üzere, hastalıkların doğru olarak teşhisinde makine öğrenmesi tekniklerinin başarısının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Veri Seti ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, Vanderbilt Üniversitesi tarafından çeşitli hastalıkların risk faktörlerinin yaygınlığını anlamak için gerçekleştirilen ve kamuya açık, 390 hastaya ait 15 değişkenden oluşan veri seti kullanılmıştır. Modelin eğitilmesi ve testi amacıyla, veri setinin %70’i eğitim, %30’u test kümelerine bölünmüştür. Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) ve AdaBoost algoritmaları kullanılarak sınıflandırma performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda, RF ve KNN algoritmaları sınıflandırma başarısının %92,30 ve AdaBoost algoritması ile gerçekleştirilen sınıflandırma başarısının ise %90,59 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Yapay zekâ ve makine öğrenmesi yöntemlerinin sağlık yönetimi ve hizmetleri alanındaki kullanımı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, hastalıkların doğru olarak teşhisi amacıyla kullanılan algoritmalarla %90’ın üzerinde doğru sınıflandırma başarısı elde edilmiştir. Bu durum, teşhis ve tedavi süreçlerinde insan kaynaklı hataları azaltmak ve medikal karar süreçlerine destek amacıyla, makine öğrenmesi tekniklerine başvurulabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hastalık sınıflandırma, sağlıkta makine öğrenmesi, diyabet hastalığı

DISEASE CLASSIFICATION BY MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES: RANDOM FOREST, K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR AND ADABOOST ALGORITHMS APPLICATIONS

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the correct classification rates of different machine learning algorithms in the detection of diseases in order to ensure the effectiveness in accurate diagnosis and health management.
Data Set and Method: In our study, we utilized from a research conducted by Vanderbilt University. The aim of the research was to understand the prevalence of risk factors for various diseases. An open access data set of 15 variables of 390 patients belong to that research was used in this study. For the purpose of training and testing of the model, 70% of the data set is divided into training and 30% into test sets. Classification performances were compared using Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and AdaBoost algorithms.
Results: As a result of the study, it was observed that the classification success of the RF and KNN algorithms was 92.30% and the classification success of the AdaBoost algorithm was 90.59%.
Conclusion: Artificial intelligence and machine learning methods are used more frequently in the field of health management and services. In our study, the test success was achieved over 90% by using different algorithms. Machine learning techniques can be applied in issues such as reducing human errors in diagnosis and treatment processes and providing support in medical decision making processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disease classification, machine learning in health, diabetes disease

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