Endüstri 4.0'ın Gerekliliği, Avantaj Ve Dezavantajları: Türk Lisansüstü Öğrencilerinin Algıları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 9, 627 - 637, 20.08.2022

Arzu Karaman Akgül Halil Emre Akbaş Mehmet Çağlar Serap Yalçınyiğit

Öz

Endüstri 4.0 olarak bilinen dördüncü sanayi devrimi, imalat sanayinde ortaya çıkmıştır ve esas olarak otomasyon ve veri değişimine dayalıdır. Büyük bir yenilik gibi göründüğü için devrim olarak adlandırılır ve bu nedenle bu alandaki makaleler Endüstri 4.0’ın yenilik boyutuyla alakalıdır. Literatürden hareketle, Endüstri 4.0’ın toplum ve işgücü üzerindeki etkisinin göz ardı edildiği söylenebilir. Literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmak için bu çalışma, toplumun mevcut veya gelecekteki işgücünü oluşturan lisansüstü öğrencilerin algılarından hareketle Endüstri 4.0'ın gerekliliğini, avantajlarını ve dezavantajlarını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için öncelikle Endüstri 4.0'ın gerekliliği, avantajları ve dezavantajları ile ilgili literatür taranmıştır. Sonrasında 202 lisansüstü öğrencisine online anket uygulanmış ve öğrencilerin Endüstri 4.0 konusundaki bilgi düzeyleri ile Endüstri 4.0'ın gerekliliğine yönelik algıları arasındaki ilişkinin varlığını belirlemek üzere korelasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, örneklemde yer alan öğrencilerin Endüstri 4.0'ın son derece gerekli olduğuna inandıklarını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın bir başka ilginç sonucu da öğrencilerin Endüstri 4.0 konusundaki bilgi düzeylerinin öğrenim gördükleri enstitüye göre farklılık göstermemesine rağmen Endüstri 4.0'ın gerekliliğine olan inançlarının farklı çıkmasıdır. Son olarak, Endüstri 4.0'ın en önemli dezavantajı olarak “yüksek ilk yatırım maliyetleri” öne çıkarken, Endüstri 4.0’ın en önemli avantajını “verimlilik artışı” temsil etmektedir. Endüstri 4.0’ın toplum ve bireyler üzerindeki, mevcut ve potansiyel teknolojik ve ekonomik yönleriyle ilgili çalışmalar olmasına rağmen, bunun sosyal etkisini anlamak konusunda bir eksiklik söz konusudur. Bu boşluğu doldurmak için bu çalışma, lisansüstü öğrencilerin algılarını sorgulayarak ve Endüstri 4.0'ın avantaj ve dezavantajlarını da inceleyerek Endüstri 4.0'ın toplum ve bireyler üzerindeki teknolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal etkilerine bütüncül bir yaklaşımla odaklanmaya çalışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lisansüstü Öğrenciler, Endüstri Devrimi, Endüstri 4.0, Endüstri 4.0, Endüstri 4.0, Endüstri 4.0

The Necessity, Advantages and Disadvantages Of Industry 4.0: A Study Of Turkish Graduate Students’ Perceptions

Öz

Fourth industrial revolution, known as Industry 4.0 arose in manufacturing industry and it mainly based on automation and data exchange. It is called as a revolution since it seems like a big innovation and therefore the articles in this area are relevant to its innovation dimension. Based upon the literature it can be said its impact on the society and on the workforce has been ignored. To fill the gap in the literature, this study aims to analyse the necessity, advantages and disadvantages of Industry 4.0 based on the perceptions of graduate students who constitute the existing or future workforce of the society. To accomplish this aim, first the literature about the necessity, advantages, and disadvantages of Industry 4.0 was reviewed. Then an online survey was conducted with 202 graduate students and a correlation analysis was run to identify the existence of relationship between students’ knowledge level in Industry 4.0 and beliefs towards necessity of Industry 4.0. Results of the study indicate that sampled students believe that Industry 4.0 is highly necessary. Another interesting result of this study is that the knowledge level in Industry 4.0 of students does not differ according to the institute where they study, but their belief towards necessity of Industry 4.0 differs. Finally, “increased productivity” represents the most important advantage of Industry 4.0 whereas “high initial investment costs” stands out as the most important disadvantage of Industry 4.0. Although there have been studies regarding to existing and potential technological and economical aspects on society and individuals, there is a lack of understanding of the social impact of it. To fill this gap, this study attempts to focus on the technological, economical, and social impacts of Industry 4.0 on society and individuals with a holistic approach by questioning the perceptions of university students and examining the advantages and disadvantages of Industry 4.0 as well.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Graduate Students, Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0, Necessity for Industry 4.0, Advantages of Industry 4.0, Disadvantages of Industry 4.0

Kaynakça

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