Disiplinlerarası Alanlarda Katılımcı Gözlemin Bibliyometrik Analizi

Öz

Sosyoloji ve antropoloji kökenli bir nitel araştırma yöntemi olan katılımcı gözlem, günümüzde spor bilimleri, rekreasyon, serbest zaman, eğitim, sağlık ve yönetim bilişim sistemleri gibi farklı disiplinlerde giderek daha fazla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, katılımcı gözlem yönteminin tarihsel gelişimini, disiplinlerarası yayılımını, tematik yoğunlaşmalarını ve metodolojik dönüşümünü bibliyometrik analiz yoluyla incelemektir. Araştırmada Scopus ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında indekslenen, 1990-2026 yılları arasında yayımlanmış, İngilizce ve hakemli dergi makaleleri analiz kapsamına alınmıştır. Yayın eğilimleri, disiplin dağılımı, anahtar kelime ağı, uluslararası iş birliği örüntüleri, araştırma kümeleri ve tematik evrim bibliyometrik analiz teknikleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, katılımcı gözlem araştırmalarının son otuz yılda istikrarlı biçimde arttığını ve yöntemin klasik sosyoloji ve antropoloji bağlamlarının ötesine geçerek disiplinlerarası bir araştırma yaklaşımına dönüştüğünü göstermektedir. Spor bilimleri, rekreasyon ve serbest zaman araştırmaları, katılımcı gözlemin gelişmekte olan önemli kullanım alanlarından biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca dijital etnografi, çevrim içi katılımcı gözlem, e-spor, kapsayıcı rekreasyon, sürdürülebilirlik ve hibrit araştırma tasarımları yöntemin güncel yönelimleri arasında yer almaktadır. Sonuç olarak, katılımcı gözlem yöntemi deneyimlerin, sosyal ilişkilerin, kimlik oluşum süreçlerinin ve katılım pratiklerinin doğal bağlamlarında anlaşılması açısından güçlü bir metodolojik potansiyel taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle yöntemin spor bilimleri, rekreasyon ve serbest zaman araştırmalarında daha sistematik ve refleksif biçimde kullanılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Katılımcı gözlem
• Bibliyometrik analiz
• Etnografi
• Rekreasyon
• Serbest zaman

A Bibliometric Analysis of Participant Observation in Interdisciplinary Fields

Öz

Participant observation which is a qualitative research method rooted in sociology and anthropology is increasingly used across various disciplines, including sport sciences, recreation, leisure studies, education, health sciences, and management information systems. The aim of this study is to examine the historical development, interdisciplinary diffusion, thematic concentrations, and methodological transformation of participant observation through bibliometric analysis. The study included peer-reviewed English-language journal articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science and published between 1990 and 2026. Publication trends, disciplinary distribution, keyword networks, international collaboration patterns, research clusters, and thematic evolution were examined using bibliometric analysis techniques. The findings indicate that participant observation research has grown steadily over the last three decades and that the method has moved beyond its traditional sociological and anthropological contexts to become an interdisciplinary research approach. Sport sciences, recreation, and leisure studies emerge as important and developing fields of application for participant observation. In addition, digital ethnography, online participant observation, e-sports, inclusive recreation, sustainability, and hybrid research designs appear among the current methodological and thematic orientations of the field. In conclusion, participant observation offers strong methodological potential for understanding experiences, social relations, identity formation processes, and participation practices in their natural contexts. Therefore, the more systematic and reflexive use of participant observation is recommended in sport sciences, recreation, and leisure research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Participant observation
• Bibliometric analysis
• Ethnography
• Recreation
• Leisure

Kaynakça

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