Politik Doğruculuk: Felsefi Bir Soruşturma

Öz

Son yıllarda, politik doğruculuk dünya çapında siyasi ve kamusal alanda tartışmalı ve yaygın bir konu haline geldi ve politikaları etkiledi. Politik doğruculuğun yükselişi, özellikle onu ifade özgürlüğü üzerinde haksız ve gereksiz bir kısıtlama olarak görenlerin politik ve entelektüel eleştirilerini de artırmıştır. Terimin süregelen önemi ve politik doğruculuğun normatif temellerine ilişkin literatürün eksikliği, bu terime ilişkin analitik bir çalışmayı önemli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, terimi siyaset felsefesi çerçevesinde incelemeyi amaçlamakta ve öncelikle açıklayıcı olmayı hedeflemektedir; ancak aynı zamanda normatif bir söylem olarak politik doğruculuğun anlaşılmasını geliştirecek bir argüman sunmaya çalışacaktır. Bu çalışmada politik doğruculuk kavramının normatif referansları incelenmiş ve eşitlik ve ayrımcılık karşıtlığının merkezi değerler olarak ortaya çıktığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak, ifade özgürlüğünden ziyade eşitliği savunan argümanlarda, ifade özgürlüğü açısından nasıl bir eşitlik arayışı içinde olunduğu tespit edilememiştir. Bu doğrultuda, bu makale, bir norm olarak politik doğruluğun öncelikle eşitlik çabası olarak nasıl anlaşılabileceğini açıklamayı ve tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. İkinci ve daha spesifik olarak, politik doğruculuğun tanınma ve epistemik adalet teorilerinin birleşmesinden kaynaklanan bir ahlaki çaba sonucu olarak görülmesi gerektiği iddia edilecektir. Böyle bir çaba olarak, politik doğruculuk, farklılıklarını hesaba katarak kullanılan dili değiştirirken başkalarını eşit şartlarda tanıma normu olarak işlev görür. Epistemik adalet çabası olarak, aynı zamanda, marjinalleştirilmiş ve ezilenlere eşit söz hakkı ve kendini doğru ifade etme fırsatı vermek için baskın grupların dilinden önyargıları ve damgalamayı ortadan kaldırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Politik Doğruculuk
• ifade özgürlüğü
• eşitlik
• tanınma
• epistemik adaletsizlik

Political Correctness: A Philosophical Inquiry

Öz

In recent decades, political correctness has emerged as a contentious and widespread issue in global political and social discourse, influencing policies in numerous contexts. The rise of political correctness has also increased political and intellectual criticism, especially from those who see it as an unjustified and inefficient restriction on free speech. The term's enduring significance and the lack of literature on political correctness's normative foundations makes an analytical study of it relevant. This study intends to explore the term within the framework of political philosophy. While the study primarily aims to be explicatory it will also endeavor to present an argument that enhances the comprehension of political correctness as a normative appeal. This work explores normative references to political correctness, concluding that equality and non-discrimination are central values. However, in terms of speech the type of equality that would be pursued could not be found in the arguments who favor equality over freedom of speech. In this direction, then, this article aims to explicate and discuss how political correctness, as a norm, can be understood first as an effort for equality. Secondly and more specifically, it will be proposed that political correctness should be seen as an outgrowth moral effort resulting from the fusion of theories of recognition and epistemic justice. As such an effort, political correctness functions as a norm of granting recognition to others on equal terms while adjusting language by taking their differences into account. Being an effort of epistemic justice, it also aims to eliminate prejudices and stigmatization from language of dominant groups to give equal voice and opportunity of correct self-expression to those who are marginalized and oppressed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• political correctness
• freedom of speech
• equality
• recognition
• epistemic injustice

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