Türkiye’de “Daha İyi Bir Yaşam” Peşinde: Türkiye’deki Afgan Mültecilerin Durumunun İnsan Hakları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 11, 245 - 274, 27.12.2020

Sanaa Talwasa

Öz

Türkiye, dünya mültecilerinin önemli bir kısmına, dört milyondan fazla mülteciye ev sahipliği yapmaktadır ve Afganlar bu mülteci nüfusun ikinci en büyük grubunu oluşturmaktadırlar. Türkiye, coğrafî konumu sebebiyle mülteciler ve özellikle de Afganlar için hem Avrupa ülkelerine giden yolda geçit olan bir transit ülke, hem de bir varış noktası olan bir ülke olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Türkiye'deki sığınmacıların çoğu 2011'den itibaren gelmekte olan Suriyelilerdir. Yazar, Türkiye'nin ve uluslararası mülteci destekçilerinin Suriyeli mültecilerin yasal korumasına öncelik verdiklerini, ve bunun, Afganların Türkiye'ye yolculukları sırasında, vardıktan sonra ve Türkiye'de mülteci statüsü talep ettiklerinde büyük insan hakları ihlallerine maruz kalmalarına yol açtığını iddia ediyor. Bu makale, nihai hedef olarak Avrupa ülkelerine gitmeyi bekleyen Türkiye'deki Afgan sığınmacıların uluslararası insan hakları bağlamında mevcut şartlarını ele alıyor. Bu makale aynı zamanda, BMMYK'nın sistemine göre uygulanan en son stratejilerin insan hakları açısından Afgan mültecilerin şartları üzerindeki olası sonuçlarına dikkat çekiyor. Yazar, özellikle Afganlar olmak üzere mültecilerin insan hakları açısından şartlarını iyileştirmek üzere Türkiye ve de uluslararası toplum için pratik öneriler sunuyor, zira bu, yalnızca Türkiye'nin çabalarını değil, daha fazlasını, yani küresel işbirliğini gerektirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afgan Mülteciler, Göçler, Türkiye’de Mültecilerin Korunması, İnsan Hakları

Seeking a “Better Life” in Turkey: Afghan Refugees’ International Human Rights Condition in Turkey

Öz

Turkey hosts the vast majority, more than four million, of refugees in the world, and Afghans make up the second-largest group of this population. Turkey is considered both a transit, a gate toward European countries, and a destination country for refugees due to its geographical position. Nevertheless, the majority of asylum seekers in Turkey are Syrian who have moved into since 2011. The author claims that Turkey and international refugee supporters prefer Syrian refugees’ legal protection, which causes Afghans to suffer massive violations of basic human rights during their journey to Turkey, after arrival, and while seeking refugee status in Turkey. This paper considers current condition of Afghan asylum seekers’ international human rights in Turkey who are waiting for their final destination toward European countries. Similarly, this paper highlights the possible consequences of current strategies’ application on Afghan refugees’ human rights conditions based on UNHCR's most recent system. The author includes practical recommendations and suggestions for international society as well as Turkey to enhance the human rights condition of refugees, especially Afghans, since this concept requires global cooperation rather than only Turkey’s efforts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afghans, Turkey, Human Rights, Migrants, Refugees' Protection

Kaynakça

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