Nijerya'nın Biyoçeşitlilik Yönetimi Üzerine Bir Analiz: Politikalar, Kurumlar ve Zorluklar

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 14, 41 - 67, 30.06.2022

Suleyman Orhun Altiparmak

https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.101

Öz

Nijerya'nın biyoçeşitlilik zenginliği, karşı karşıya olduğu tehlikeler nedeniyle en çok tartışılan konulardan biridir. Nijerya'daki petrol sızıntıları çevre politikalarıyla ilgili en bilinen sorundur. Ancak Nijerya'nın biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı yaşamasının tek nedeni bu değil. Devlet kurumları, piyasa paydaşları ve sivil toplum üyelerinden aktörlerinin çatışan ihtiyaç, çıkar ve arzularından oluşan çok daha kompleks bir konudur. Devlet odaklı bir çalışma olmayan, Nijerya'nın biyoçeşitlilik kaybının yönetim yönünün araştırılması ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Rejimin etkinliği ve rejim etkileşiminin ötesindeki dinamiklere yönelik bir araştırma gerekmektedir, çünkü sivil toplumun yönetim sürecinde nasıl konumlandığı göz ardı edilemez. Bu çalışma, Nijerya'nın biyoçeşitliliğin korunmasında ne ölçüde "iyi yönetime" sahip olduğunu araştırmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda, her ne kadar girişimler başarısız olsa da, Nijerya hükümetlerinin biyoçeşitlilik kaybını çözmek için yönetim yaklaşımına ihtiyaç duyulduğunun farkında oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre; yerel otorite eksikliği ve sivil toplum ile hükümetler arasındaki kopukluk sağlıklı işleyen yönetim sürecini engellemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nijerya, Biyoçeşitlilik koruması, Biyoçeşitlilik yönetimi, Yönetim yaklaşımı

An Analysis of Nigeria’s Biodiversity Governance: Policies, Institutions and Challenges

Öz

Nigeria's biodiversity richness is one of the most debated topics because of the dangers against it. Nigeria's oil spills are the most known problem regarding environmental policies. However, it is not the sole reason why Nigeria experiences biodiversity loss. It is a complex matter composed of conflictual needs, interests and desires of actors from state agencies, market stakeholders and civil society members. There is a necessity of investigating the governance aspect of Nigeria's biodiversity loss, which is not state-oriented work. There should be an orientation towards dynamics beyond regime effectiveness and regime interaction, because how civil society is positioned during the governance process cannot be ignored. This study investigates to what extent Nigeria has "good governance" of biodiversity conservation. It has been found that although the attempts have been unsuccessful, Nigerian governments are aware that governance approach is needed to solve biodiversity loss. However, lack of local authority and disconnection between civil society and governments prevent healthy working governance process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nigeria, Biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity governance, Governance approach

Kaynakça

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