Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Finansal İçerme ve Finansal Eğitim - Yoksulluğun Azaltılmasında Etkili Bir Araç (Gürcistan Örneği)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 146 - 155, 28.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.70101/ussmad.1445124

Öz

Yoksulluk, günümüz dünyasının temel sorunlarından biridir. Bu bağlamda Covid-19 salgını, dünya çapında yoksulluğun azaltılmasında zaten yavaş olan ilerlemeyi daha da kötüleştirdi. Bazı ülkeler yoksulluğun daha da büyümesini önlemeyi başarırken, diğerleri sorunun üstesinden gelemedi. Bu süreçte pandeminin yol açtığı problemlere Rusya-Ukrayna savaşının meydana getirdiği meseleler de eklendi. Bu eğilimin devam etmesi, milyonlarca insanın gelecekte de yoksulluk içinde yaşamaya devam etmesine yol açabilir. Gürcistan da dahil olmak üzere neredeyse tüm ülkelerin hükümetleri büyük ölçüde finansal içermeyi ve finansal eğitimi güçlendirerek yoksulluğu azaltmak için aktif olarak çeşitli adımlar atmaktadır. Finansal içermenin eksikliği, düşük ve orta gelirli ülkeler için bir sorun teşkil etmekte ve milyonlarca kişiyi resmi finansal hizmetlere erişimden yoksun kılmaktadır. Yoksulluğun üstesinden gelmenin önündeki bir diğer önemli engel de herkes için en önemli yaşam becerilerinden biri olan finansal eğitimin eksikliğidir. Temel finansal kavramları anlamadan doğru karar vermek oldukça zordur. Finansal eğitimdeki farklılıklar refahı, eşitsizliği ve yoksulluğu etkileyebilir. Bu makalede; ikincil verilerin, akademik çalışmaların, çeşitli uluslararası ve yerel kuruluşların raporlarının işlenmesi ve analizine dayanarak Gürcistan'da finansal eğitim ve içermenin yoksulluk üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Atkinson, A., and Messy, F. (2013). Promoting Financial Inclusion through Financial Education: OECD/INFE Evidence, Policies and Practice, OECD. doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/5k3xz6m88smp-en.
  • Babych, Y., Grigolia, M., and Keshelava, D. (2018). Financial inclusion, financial literacy and financial education in Georgia. Asian Development Bank Institute. Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/190270/1/adbi-wp849.pdf.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L. and Singer, D. (2017). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth, A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 8040, pp. 1-18. World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/b90d407a-b789-5cbd-9f43-6e6f5438b8da.
  • Erkişi, K., & Boğa, S. (2023). Does Financial Inclusion Improve Income Equality? The Case of Türkiye. 11. doi:https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0049
  • Gardeva, A., and Rhyne, E. (2011). Opportunities and Obstacles to Financial Inclusion. Center for Financial Inclusion at Accion International. Retrieved from https://www.findevgateway.org/sites/default/files/publications/files/mfg-en-paper-opportunities-and-obstacles-to-financial-inclusion-survey-report-jul-2011.pdf.
  • Global Multidimensional Poverty Index. (2023). UNDP&OPHI. Retrieved from https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/hdp-document/2023mpireportenpdf.pdf.
  • IMF. (2024). The Financial Access Survey. Retrieved from https://data.imf.org/?sk=e5dcab7e-a5ca-4892-a6ea-598b5463a34c&sid=1460043522778.
  • Kasradze, T. (2013). Poverty–A Global Socio-Economic Problem. Caucasus International University HERALD.
  • Kasradze, T. (2020). Challenges Facing Financial Inclusion Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. European Journal of Marketing and Economics, 3(2), 50-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.26417/523jma34n.
  • Kasradze, T. (2021). Emergence of Non-Traditional Financial Service Providers in the Market- A Threat or An Opportunity for the Georgian Banking Industry. European Journal of Marketing and Economics, 4(2), 94-106. doi: https://doi.org/10.26417/264fri73f.
  • Kasradze, T. & Zarnadze, N. (2022). Challenges of Economic of Georgia: Good and Bad Economic Growth. European Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 8(2). doi: 10.26417/ejes.v5i1.p178-186.
  • Kasradze, T. & Zarnadze, N. (2023). Promoting Financial Inclusion through Financial Education - Global Trends and. The 2023 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings (pp. 42-55). Boston: WEI. Retrieved from https://www.westeastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/BUS-2023-Boston-Proceedings.pdf.
  • NBG. (2023). National Strategy for Financial Education of Georgia 2023. Retrieved from https://finedu.gov.ge/ge/finansuri-ganatlebis-strategia-1
  • OECD/INFE. (2015). National Strategies for Financial Education, OECD/INFE Policy Handbook. Paris: OECD. https://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/financial-education/National-Strategies-Financial-Education-Policy-Handbook.pdf.
  • Omar, M. A., and Inaba, K. (2020). Does financial inclusion reduce poverty and income inequality in developing countries? A panel data analysis. Journal of Economic Structures, 9(1), doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-020-00214-4.
  • Park, C. and Rogelio V. Mercado, J. (2018). Financial Inclusion: New Measurement and Cross-CountryImpact Assessment. ADB Economics Working Paper Series(539). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326430033_Financial_Inclusion_New_Measurement_and_Cross-Country_Impact_Assessment.
  • Reyes, G. P. (2010). Financial Inclusion Indicators For Developing Countries: The Peruvian Case. Superintendency of Banking, Insurance Companies and Private Pension Funds of Peru (SBS). Retrieved from https://docplayer.net/20698246-Financial-inclusion-indicators-for-developing-countries-the-peruvian-case.html.
  • Sahay, R., M. Cihak, P. N’Diaye, A. Barajas, S. Mitra, A. Kyobe, Y. Nian Mooi, and S. Reza Yousefi. 2015. “Financial Inclusion: Can It Meet Multiple Macroeconomic Goals?” IMF Staff Discussion Note 15/ 17, September, Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1517.pdf.
  • Takmaz, S., Sarı, E., & Alataş, S. (2022). Financial inclusion in Turkey: unpacking the provincial inequality and its determinants. Applied Economics Letters., 31(111), 1-9. doi:10.1080/13504851.2022.2141442. The World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform, https://pip.worldbank.org/country-profiles/GEO.
  • The World Bank. (2021). The Global Findex database 2021, https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex.
  • The World Bank. (2022). Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022: Correcting Course. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b96b361a-a806-5567-8e8a-b14392e11fa0/content.
  • The World Bank. (2023). The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database. Retrieved from https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0039935.
  • Tsouli, D. (2022). Financial Inclusion, Poverty, and Income Inequality: Evidence from European Countries. Ekonomika, 1(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.15388/Ekon.2022.101.1.3. UNSGSA. (n.d.). Financial Inclusion. Retrieved June 03, 2024, from https://www.unsgsa.org/

Financial Inclusion and Financial Education - An Effective Tool for Poverty Reduction (Georgia's example)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 146 - 155, 28.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.70101/ussmad.1445124

Öz

Poverty is one of the main challenges of the contemporary world. The Covid-19 pandemic has worsened the already slow pace of poverty reduction around the world. Some countries have managed to avoid the further growth of poverty, while others failed to overcome the problem. The troubles caused by the pandemic were also added to those caused by Russia-Ukraine war. If this trend continues, millions of people will still live in poverty in the future. The governments of almost all the countries, including Georgia, are actively taking various steps to reduce poverty, inter alia, largely by strengthening financial inclusion and financial education. Lack of financial inclusion is a challenge for low- and middle-income countries, which leaves millions without access to formal financial services. Another important barrier to overcoming poverty is the lack of financial education, one of the most important life skills for everyone. Without understanding basic financial concepts, it is quite difficult to make correct decision. Differences in financial education may affect wealth, inequality and poverty. The presented paper studies the impact of financial education and inclusion on poverty in Georgia based on the processing and analysis of secondary data, academic works, and reports of various international and local organizations.

Kaynakça

  • Atkinson, A., and Messy, F. (2013). Promoting Financial Inclusion through Financial Education: OECD/INFE Evidence, Policies and Practice, OECD. doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/5k3xz6m88smp-en.
  • Babych, Y., Grigolia, M., and Keshelava, D. (2018). Financial inclusion, financial literacy and financial education in Georgia. Asian Development Bank Institute. Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/190270/1/adbi-wp849.pdf.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L. and Singer, D. (2017). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth, A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 8040, pp. 1-18. World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/b90d407a-b789-5cbd-9f43-6e6f5438b8da.
  • Erkişi, K., & Boğa, S. (2023). Does Financial Inclusion Improve Income Equality? The Case of Türkiye. 11. doi:https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0049
  • Gardeva, A., and Rhyne, E. (2011). Opportunities and Obstacles to Financial Inclusion. Center for Financial Inclusion at Accion International. Retrieved from https://www.findevgateway.org/sites/default/files/publications/files/mfg-en-paper-opportunities-and-obstacles-to-financial-inclusion-survey-report-jul-2011.pdf.
  • Global Multidimensional Poverty Index. (2023). UNDP&OPHI. Retrieved from https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/hdp-document/2023mpireportenpdf.pdf.
  • IMF. (2024). The Financial Access Survey. Retrieved from https://data.imf.org/?sk=e5dcab7e-a5ca-4892-a6ea-598b5463a34c&sid=1460043522778.
  • Kasradze, T. (2013). Poverty–A Global Socio-Economic Problem. Caucasus International University HERALD.
  • Kasradze, T. (2020). Challenges Facing Financial Inclusion Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. European Journal of Marketing and Economics, 3(2), 50-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.26417/523jma34n.
  • Kasradze, T. (2021). Emergence of Non-Traditional Financial Service Providers in the Market- A Threat or An Opportunity for the Georgian Banking Industry. European Journal of Marketing and Economics, 4(2), 94-106. doi: https://doi.org/10.26417/264fri73f.
  • Kasradze, T. & Zarnadze, N. (2022). Challenges of Economic of Georgia: Good and Bad Economic Growth. European Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 8(2). doi: 10.26417/ejes.v5i1.p178-186.
  • Kasradze, T. & Zarnadze, N. (2023). Promoting Financial Inclusion through Financial Education - Global Trends and. The 2023 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings (pp. 42-55). Boston: WEI. Retrieved from https://www.westeastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/BUS-2023-Boston-Proceedings.pdf.
  • NBG. (2023). National Strategy for Financial Education of Georgia 2023. Retrieved from https://finedu.gov.ge/ge/finansuri-ganatlebis-strategia-1
  • OECD/INFE. (2015). National Strategies for Financial Education, OECD/INFE Policy Handbook. Paris: OECD. https://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/financial-education/National-Strategies-Financial-Education-Policy-Handbook.pdf.
  • Omar, M. A., and Inaba, K. (2020). Does financial inclusion reduce poverty and income inequality in developing countries? A panel data analysis. Journal of Economic Structures, 9(1), doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-020-00214-4.
  • Park, C. and Rogelio V. Mercado, J. (2018). Financial Inclusion: New Measurement and Cross-CountryImpact Assessment. ADB Economics Working Paper Series(539). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326430033_Financial_Inclusion_New_Measurement_and_Cross-Country_Impact_Assessment.
  • Reyes, G. P. (2010). Financial Inclusion Indicators For Developing Countries: The Peruvian Case. Superintendency of Banking, Insurance Companies and Private Pension Funds of Peru (SBS). Retrieved from https://docplayer.net/20698246-Financial-inclusion-indicators-for-developing-countries-the-peruvian-case.html.
  • Sahay, R., M. Cihak, P. N’Diaye, A. Barajas, S. Mitra, A. Kyobe, Y. Nian Mooi, and S. Reza Yousefi. 2015. “Financial Inclusion: Can It Meet Multiple Macroeconomic Goals?” IMF Staff Discussion Note 15/ 17, September, Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1517.pdf.
  • Takmaz, S., Sarı, E., & Alataş, S. (2022). Financial inclusion in Turkey: unpacking the provincial inequality and its determinants. Applied Economics Letters., 31(111), 1-9. doi:10.1080/13504851.2022.2141442. The World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform, https://pip.worldbank.org/country-profiles/GEO.
  • The World Bank. (2021). The Global Findex database 2021, https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex.
  • The World Bank. (2022). Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022: Correcting Course. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b96b361a-a806-5567-8e8a-b14392e11fa0/content.
  • The World Bank. (2023). The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database. Retrieved from https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0039935.
  • Tsouli, D. (2022). Financial Inclusion, Poverty, and Income Inequality: Evidence from European Countries. Ekonomika, 1(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.15388/Ekon.2022.101.1.3. UNSGSA. (n.d.). Financial Inclusion. Retrieved June 03, 2024, from https://www.unsgsa.org/
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Aile Kaynakları Eğitimi, Finans
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Tea Kasradze 0000-0002-3515-7046

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Ekim 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 18 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kasradze, T. (2024). Financial Inclusion and Financial Education - An Effective Tool for Poverty Reduction (Georgia’s example). Uluslararası Sosyal Siyasal Ve Mali Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(2), 146-155. https://doi.org/10.70101/ussmad.1445124