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Legal Maxims in Islamic and Late Roman Law

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 30, 55 - 84, 01.12.2018

Öz

Legal maxims (qawāʿid) have been, especially after the contributions of Joseph Schacht to the understanding of the beginnings of Islamic Law, a popular area of research in Islamic studies. Certain scholars attempted to see Islamic legal maxims which resemble maxims of late Roman law, as indicators of the Roman origins of Islamic Law. Unfortunately there are very few comparative studies on similar maxims in both law systems, which aim to reveal the common features alongside differences to prove this assertion. This research tries to shed some light into this discussion, not only with a mere analysis of two of the most resembling maxims in both law systems, but also by comparing the terminology of al qawāʿid and al qiyās and the Roman terminus for legal maxims, named regula. Furthermore, this detailed approach aims to reveal the peculiarities of the two law systems by pointing out to their specific characters and different approaches.

Kaynakça

  • Akıntürk, Turgut, Satım Akdinde Hasar Sorumluluğunun İntikali, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları, 1966.
  • Baktır, Mustafa, “Kaide”, DIA, XXIV.
  • Berger Adolf, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1953.
  • Böcking, Eduard, Abriss der Institutionen des römischen Privatrechts, Henry & Cohen Press, 1860.
  • Crone, Patricia, Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law. The Origins of the Islamic Patronate, London: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
  • Abū Yūsuf, Ikhtilāf Abū Ḥanīfa wa Ibn Abī Laylā, edt. Abū al Vafā al Afghānī, Haydarabad: Lajnatu Ihyā al Ma`ārif an Nu`maniyya, 1358/1939.
  • Dunker, Arne, Gleichheit und Ungleichheit in der Ehe: persönliche Stellung von Frau und Mann im Recht der ehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft, Köln-Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 2003.
  • Friedl, Raimund, Der Konkubinat İm Kaiserlichen Rom: Von Augustus Bis Septimus Severus, Franz Steiner Verlag, 1996.
  • al Ghazzi, Muḥammad Ṣıtkī Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Ali Burnū Abū al Ḥāris, Mevsûatu al Qawāidu al Fıqhiyya, Beirut: Muassasatu ar Risāla, 2003.
  • Gärtner, Ursula, Brandenburger Antike Denkwerk: Kulturelle Identität – Römisches Recht, Potsdamer Lateintage, Potsdam: Potsdam University Press.
  • Hacak, Hasan, Atomcu Evren Anlayışının İslam Hukukuna Etkisi: Kelam-Fıkıh İlişkisine Dair Bir Analiz, İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 2007.
  • Hallaq, Wael B., “The Quest for Origins or Doctrine? Islamic Legal Studies as Colonialist Discourse”, UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 2002.
  • Hallaq, Wael B. “The Use and Abuse of Evidence. The Question of Provincial and Roman Influences on Early Islamic Law: Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law: The Origins of the Islamic Patronate by Patricia Crone- (Review)”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 110, nr.1, 1990.
  • Imam Mālik Ibn Anas, al Muvaṯṯa, trl. by M. Büyükçınar, Vecdi Akyüz, Ahmet Arpa, Durak Pusmaz, Abdullah Yücel, Istanbul: Ensar Yayınevi, 2014.
  • Jokisch, Benjamin, Islamic Imperial Law: Harun-Al-Rashid's Codification Project, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2011. Peters, Rudolph, Book Review in: Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 129, No 3 (July-September 2009), American Oriental Society, pp. 529- 530.
  • Jörs, Paul, Römische Rechtswissenschaft zur Zeit der Republik, Münich: F. Vahlen Press, 1888.
  • Karagöz, Havva, Hukuk Kuralı (Regula Iuris) Kavramı, Istanbul: On Iki Levha Yayınevi, 2010.
  • Al Karkhī, `Ubeydullah `Umar Ibn `Isā Abū Zayd ad Dabūsī– Abū al Ḥasan, Ta`sîsu an Naḏẖar wa Yalīhi Risālatu Imām Abī al Ḥasan al Karkhī fī al Uṣūl, Egypt: Dār Ibn Zaydūn Maktabatu al Kulliyyati al Azhariyya, Mısır.
  • Kızılkaya, Necmettin, Hanefî Mezhebi Bağlamında Islam Hukukunda Küllî Kâideler, Istanbul: Iz Yayınevi, 2013.
  • Kurt, Irem, Islam Ve Roma Hukukunda Genel Hukuk Prensiplerinin Mukayesesi, Istanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2017 (Non Released Master Thesis).
  • Melchert, Christopher, The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law 9th-10th Centuries C.E., Leiden: Brill, 1997.
  • Mitter, Ulrike, Das Frühislamische Patronat. Eine Studie zu den Anfängen des İslamischen Rechts, Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2006.
  • Motzki, Harald, Gramlich, Richard, Marzolph, Ulrich, Die Anfänge der Islamischen Jurisprudenz: : ihre Entwicklung in Mekka bis zur Mitte des 2./8. Jahrhunderts, Stuttgart: F. Steiner Verlag, 1991.
  • Rado, Türkan, Roma Hukuku Dersleri- Borçlar Hukuku, Istanbul: Filiz Kitapevi, 2016.
  • Regelsberger, “Über das Recht zum Rücktritt vom Kaufgeschäft wegen Verzugs der Erfüllüng.”, in: Gerhard Anschütz, Archiv für die civilistische Praxis, Mohr u. Winter Verlag, 1867.
  • Sachau, Eduard, Kaufhold, Hubert, Das Syrisch-Römische Rechtsbuch, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2002.
  • Schadler, Peter, John of Damascus and Islam: Christian Heresiology and the Intellectual Background to Earliest Christian-Muslim Relations, Leiden: Brill, 2017.
  • Schacht, Joseph, “Droit Byzantin”, Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1956.
  • Schacht, Joseph, “Foreign Elements in Islamic Law”, Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law, vol. 32, nr. 3/4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1950.
  • Schacht, Joseph, An Introduction to Islamic Law, Norfolk: Clarendon Press, 1983.
  • Schacht, Joseph, The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, edition of American Council of Learned Societies, ACLS Humanities e- book, 2008.
  • Schmidlin, Bruno, Die Römischen Rechtstregeln- Versuch einer Typologie, in: Max Kaser, Wolfgang Kunkel ve Franz Wieacker, Forschungen zum römischen Recht, Cologne-Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 1970.
  • Scott, Samuel P., The Roman Civil Law: https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/.
  • Stein, Peter, Regulae Iuris: From Juristic Rules to Legal Maxims, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1966.
  • Abū Yūsuf, Ikhtilāf Abū Ḥanīfa wa Ibn Abī Laylā, edt. Abū al Vafā al Afghānī, Haydarabad: Lajnatu Ihyā al Ma`ārif an Nu`maniyya, 1358/1939.
  • Umur, Ziya, Roma Hukuku Ders Notları, Istanbul: Beta Yayınevi, 2010.
  • Versteegh, C. H. M., “The Origin of the Term „Qıyâs‟ in Arabic Grammar”, Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik, vol. 4 (1980), s.7-30, Harrasowitz Verlag.
  • Vering, Friedrich Heinrich, Geschichte und Institutionen des römischen Privatrechtes, Mainz: Kircheim Verlag, 1870.

Legal Maxims in Islamic and Late Roman Law

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 30, 55 - 84, 01.12.2018

Öz

Genel hukuk prensipleri Batı’daki İslam araştırmalarında özellikle Joseph Schacht’ın İslam hukukunun kökenlerine dair iddialarından sonra sıkça ele alınmıştır. Bazı araştırmacılar Roma hukukuna benzeyen bir takım genel İslam hukuk prensiplerini, İslam hukukunun Roma hukukundan iktibas edildiği iddiasının bir göstergesi olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Ancak bu iddiayı delillendirmek için iki hukuk sistemi arasındaki benzer kaideler detaylı bir analize tabi tutulmamıştır. Elinizdeki çalışma, bir taraftan iki hukuk sistemi arasında benzerlik bakımından en fazla göze çarpan iki kaideyi, diğer taraftan ise hukuk prensibini ifade eden kavâid ve regula kavramlarını, mukayese ederek, bu alandaki eksikliği gidermeye çalışmaktadır. Bu detaylı analiz aynı zamanda hukuk düşüncesindeki farklı yaklaşımlarını ve özelliklerini ortaya çıkararak iki hukuk sistemini birbirinden ayıran unsurlara da işaret edecektrir.

Kaynakça

  • Akıntürk, Turgut, Satım Akdinde Hasar Sorumluluğunun İntikali, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları, 1966.
  • Baktır, Mustafa, “Kaide”, DIA, XXIV.
  • Berger Adolf, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1953.
  • Böcking, Eduard, Abriss der Institutionen des römischen Privatrechts, Henry & Cohen Press, 1860.
  • Crone, Patricia, Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law. The Origins of the Islamic Patronate, London: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
  • Abū Yūsuf, Ikhtilāf Abū Ḥanīfa wa Ibn Abī Laylā, edt. Abū al Vafā al Afghānī, Haydarabad: Lajnatu Ihyā al Ma`ārif an Nu`maniyya, 1358/1939.
  • Dunker, Arne, Gleichheit und Ungleichheit in der Ehe: persönliche Stellung von Frau und Mann im Recht der ehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft, Köln-Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 2003.
  • Friedl, Raimund, Der Konkubinat İm Kaiserlichen Rom: Von Augustus Bis Septimus Severus, Franz Steiner Verlag, 1996.
  • al Ghazzi, Muḥammad Ṣıtkī Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Ali Burnū Abū al Ḥāris, Mevsûatu al Qawāidu al Fıqhiyya, Beirut: Muassasatu ar Risāla, 2003.
  • Gärtner, Ursula, Brandenburger Antike Denkwerk: Kulturelle Identität – Römisches Recht, Potsdamer Lateintage, Potsdam: Potsdam University Press.
  • Hacak, Hasan, Atomcu Evren Anlayışının İslam Hukukuna Etkisi: Kelam-Fıkıh İlişkisine Dair Bir Analiz, İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 2007.
  • Hallaq, Wael B., “The Quest for Origins or Doctrine? Islamic Legal Studies as Colonialist Discourse”, UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 2002.
  • Hallaq, Wael B. “The Use and Abuse of Evidence. The Question of Provincial and Roman Influences on Early Islamic Law: Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law: The Origins of the Islamic Patronate by Patricia Crone- (Review)”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 110, nr.1, 1990.
  • Imam Mālik Ibn Anas, al Muvaṯṯa, trl. by M. Büyükçınar, Vecdi Akyüz, Ahmet Arpa, Durak Pusmaz, Abdullah Yücel, Istanbul: Ensar Yayınevi, 2014.
  • Jokisch, Benjamin, Islamic Imperial Law: Harun-Al-Rashid's Codification Project, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2011. Peters, Rudolph, Book Review in: Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 129, No 3 (July-September 2009), American Oriental Society, pp. 529- 530.
  • Jörs, Paul, Römische Rechtswissenschaft zur Zeit der Republik, Münich: F. Vahlen Press, 1888.
  • Karagöz, Havva, Hukuk Kuralı (Regula Iuris) Kavramı, Istanbul: On Iki Levha Yayınevi, 2010.
  • Al Karkhī, `Ubeydullah `Umar Ibn `Isā Abū Zayd ad Dabūsī– Abū al Ḥasan, Ta`sîsu an Naḏẖar wa Yalīhi Risālatu Imām Abī al Ḥasan al Karkhī fī al Uṣūl, Egypt: Dār Ibn Zaydūn Maktabatu al Kulliyyati al Azhariyya, Mısır.
  • Kızılkaya, Necmettin, Hanefî Mezhebi Bağlamında Islam Hukukunda Küllî Kâideler, Istanbul: Iz Yayınevi, 2013.
  • Kurt, Irem, Islam Ve Roma Hukukunda Genel Hukuk Prensiplerinin Mukayesesi, Istanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2017 (Non Released Master Thesis).
  • Melchert, Christopher, The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law 9th-10th Centuries C.E., Leiden: Brill, 1997.
  • Mitter, Ulrike, Das Frühislamische Patronat. Eine Studie zu den Anfängen des İslamischen Rechts, Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2006.
  • Motzki, Harald, Gramlich, Richard, Marzolph, Ulrich, Die Anfänge der Islamischen Jurisprudenz: : ihre Entwicklung in Mekka bis zur Mitte des 2./8. Jahrhunderts, Stuttgart: F. Steiner Verlag, 1991.
  • Rado, Türkan, Roma Hukuku Dersleri- Borçlar Hukuku, Istanbul: Filiz Kitapevi, 2016.
  • Regelsberger, “Über das Recht zum Rücktritt vom Kaufgeschäft wegen Verzugs der Erfüllüng.”, in: Gerhard Anschütz, Archiv für die civilistische Praxis, Mohr u. Winter Verlag, 1867.
  • Sachau, Eduard, Kaufhold, Hubert, Das Syrisch-Römische Rechtsbuch, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2002.
  • Schadler, Peter, John of Damascus and Islam: Christian Heresiology and the Intellectual Background to Earliest Christian-Muslim Relations, Leiden: Brill, 2017.
  • Schacht, Joseph, “Droit Byzantin”, Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1956.
  • Schacht, Joseph, “Foreign Elements in Islamic Law”, Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law, vol. 32, nr. 3/4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1950.
  • Schacht, Joseph, An Introduction to Islamic Law, Norfolk: Clarendon Press, 1983.
  • Schacht, Joseph, The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, edition of American Council of Learned Societies, ACLS Humanities e- book, 2008.
  • Schmidlin, Bruno, Die Römischen Rechtstregeln- Versuch einer Typologie, in: Max Kaser, Wolfgang Kunkel ve Franz Wieacker, Forschungen zum römischen Recht, Cologne-Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 1970.
  • Scott, Samuel P., The Roman Civil Law: https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/.
  • Stein, Peter, Regulae Iuris: From Juristic Rules to Legal Maxims, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1966.
  • Abū Yūsuf, Ikhtilāf Abū Ḥanīfa wa Ibn Abī Laylā, edt. Abū al Vafā al Afghānī, Haydarabad: Lajnatu Ihyā al Ma`ārif an Nu`maniyya, 1358/1939.
  • Umur, Ziya, Roma Hukuku Ders Notları, Istanbul: Beta Yayınevi, 2010.
  • Versteegh, C. H. M., “The Origin of the Term „Qıyâs‟ in Arabic Grammar”, Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik, vol. 4 (1980), s.7-30, Harrasowitz Verlag.
  • Vering, Friedrich Heinrich, Geschichte und Institutionen des römischen Privatrechtes, Mainz: Kircheim Verlag, 1870.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İrem Kurt Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 30

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Kurt, İrem. “Legal Maxims in Islamic and Late Roman Law”. Usul İslam Araştırmaları 30/30 (Aralık 2018), 55-84. https://doi.org/10.56361/usul.512938.
Usul İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.