FARKLI HAYVAN GÜBRELERİNİN KOMPOSTLANMASI

Öz

Bu çalışmada, büyükbaş hayvan gübresi (BHG), at gübresi (AG) ve tavuk gübresinin (TG) kompostlanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Kompost deneylerinde ayçiçeği sapı (AS), düzenleyici katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmış ve üç farklı reaktör (G1, G2, G3) çalıştırılmıştır. Tüm reaktörlerde %80 oranında hayvan gübresi, %20 oranında AS karıştırılmıştır. G1 reaktörüne hayvan gübresi olarak BHG, G2 reaktörüne AG ve G3 reaktörüne ise TG ilave edilmiştir. Proses 21 gün boyunca devam etmiş olup sıcaklık, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, organik madde, nem, C/N oranı, Toplam Kjeldahl Azotu ve Toplam Fosfor parametreleri izlenmiştir. G1, G2 ve G3 reaktörlerinde süreç boyunca en yüksek sıcaklıklar sırasıyla 58,7 ˚C, 44,6 ˚C ve 54 ˚C olarak tespit edilmiştir. G1 reaktöründe, diğer reaktörlere göre en yüksek C/N oranı azalması (%42,4), en fazla OM kaybı (%57) gerçekleşmiş ve en yüksek sıcaklığa (58,7 ˚C) ulaşılmıştır. Reaktörler arasında en yüksek mineralizasyonun gerçekleştiği en verimli reaktörün G1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Farklı karakteristik özelliklere sahip hayvan gübrelerinin kompostlanabilirlikleri incelendiğinde, en yüksek verimlilik BHG ile çalıştırılan G1 reaktöründe, onu takiben TG kullanılan G3 reaktöründe elde edilmiş olup en düşük verim AG’nin kullanıldığı G2 rektöründe elde edilmiştir. Farklı katkı maddeleri ve farklı karışım reçetelerinde hayvan gübreleri ile daha yüksek verimde kompost reaktörleri çalıştırılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kompostlama
• Büyükbaş hayvan gübresi
• At gübresi
• Tavuk gübresi

Composting of Different Animal Manures

Öz

In this study, the compostability of cattle manure (CAM), horse manure (HM) and chicken manure (CM) was investigated. In the compost experiments, sunflower stalk (SS) was used as a bulking agent and three different reactors (G1, G2, G3) were operated. In all reactors, 80% of animal manure and 20% of SS were mixed. CAM was added to the G1 reactor, HM to the G2 reactor and CM to the G3 reactor as animal manure. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, moisture, C/N ratio, total kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus were monitored during the 21-day process. The highest temperatures during the composting process were determined as 58.7 ˚C, 44.6 ˚C and 54 ˚C in the G1, G2 and G3 reactors, respectively. In the G1 reactor, the highest C/N ratio decrease (42.4%), the highest OM loss (57%) was occurred and the highest temperature (58.7 ˚C) was reached compared to other reactors. It was determined that the most efficient reactor with the highest mineralization was found to be G1 among the reactors. When the compostability of animal manures with different characteristics were examined, the highest efficiency was obtained in the G1 reactor operated with CAM, followed by the G3 reactor using CM, and the lowest efficiency was obtained in the G2 reactor where HM was used. It is thought that higher efficiency compost reactors can be operated with different bulking agents and different mixture recipes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Composting
• Cattle manure
• Horse manure
• Chicken manure

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