ULUSLARARASI TAŞIMA YAPAN BİR LOJİSTİK FİRMASI İÇİN ARAÇ ROTALARININ VE YAKIT İKMAL NOKTALARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Uluslararası taşıma yapan lojistik firmaları için araçlarının rotalarının yanı sıra yakıt ikmal noktalarının ve her noktada ne kadar yakıt alınacağının belirlenmesi de önemli bir problemdir. Ülkelerin ve hatta bir ülke içerisindeki şehirlerin yakıt fiyatları değişkenlik gösterdiğinden iyi bir planlama ile yakıt maliyetlerinin kayda değer miktarda azaltılabilmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Uluslararası taşımacılıkta bir diğer önemli konu da geçiş yapılacak ülkelerdeki bürokratik işlemlerden kaynaklanan bekleme sürelerinin mümkün olduğunca azaltılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada hem toplam yakıt maliyetinin hem de bürokratik süreçlerden kaynaklanan beklemelerin enküçüklendiği iki amaçlı bir matematiksel model önerilmiştir. Erişilebilen literatür dikkate alındığında, bu çalışma, hem yakıt ikmalinin dikkate alınmadığı pek çok çalışmadan farklılaşmaktadır hem de bir aracın seyahat boyunca giriş yapılan ülkelerdeki bekleme süreleri toplamının enküçüklenmesine odaklanan ilk çalışmadır. Önerilen matematiksel model bir lojistik firmasında uygulanmış ve toplam yakıt maliyetinde %57’ye bürokratik süreçlerden kaynaklanan beklemelerde ise %25’e kadar iyileştirme fırsatları sunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Araç rotalama problemi
• yakıt ikmal noktalarının belirlenmesi
• iki amaçlı programlama
• tamsayılı programlama
• epsilon kısıt

Determination of Vehicle Routes and Refueling Points for A Logistics Company Operating in International Transportation

Öz

Determining the routes of vehicles as well as the refueling points and how much fuel to buy at each point is also an important problem for logistics companies operating in international transportation. Since fuel prices of countries and even cities within a country vary, it is possible to reduce fuel costs significantly with good planning. Another important issue in international transportation is reducing the waiting times resulting from bureaucratic procedures in the countries to be transited as much as possible. In this study, a bi-objective mathematical model is proposed in which both the total fuel cost and the waiting times resulting from bureaucratic procedures are minimized. Considering the accessible literature, this study differs from many studies that do not take refueling into account and is the first study that focuses on minimizing the total waiting times of a vehicle in the countries it enters during its journey. The proposed mathematical model was applied in a logistics company and provided improvement opportunities up to 57% in total fuel costs and 25% in waiting times due to bureaucratic processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vehicle routing problem
• determination of refueling points
• bi-objective programming
• Integer programming
• epsilon constraint

Kaynakça

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