LED LAMBALARDAN DEĞERLİ METALLERİN GERİ KAZANIMI

Öz

LED lambalar, enerji tasarrufu, daha uzun ömür, daha küçük boyut ve ağırlık, renk çeşitliliği, düşük sıcaklıklara tolerans ve cıva içermeme gibi çeşitli avantajları nedeniyle günümüzde yavaş yavaş geleneksel ampullerin (akkor ve floresan) yerini almaktadır. Gelecekte LED lambaların daha yaygın kullanılması, çevre dostu ve enerji verimli aydınlatma çözümlerine yönelik önemli bir adım olacağı öngörülmektedir. LED lambalar, kaynak kullanımında verimliliğe, geri dönüşüm ve tehlikeli maddelerin ortadan kaldırılması gibi çevresel ve ekonomik açıdan iyileştirilmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Uzun ömürlü oluşlarının yanı sıra içerdikleri değerli metaller ve nadir toprak elementleri, geri dönüşüm açısından son derece kritik bir öneme sahip olup, doğal kaynak tasarrufu ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik için önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Günümüzde LED lambaların kullanım ömrü sona erdiğinde doğru bir atık yönetim süreci belirlenmemiştir. Derlemede LED’lerin genel çalışma prensibi, LED ampullerin yapısı, literatürde LED ampullerin geri dönüşüm süreçleri ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmalar yer almaktadır. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde genel olarak fiziksel ve kimyasal zenginleştirme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Fiziksel zenginleştirme yöntemi ön zenginleştirme olarak değerlendirilmiş olup ön zenginleştirme+liç ya da doğrudan liç ile zenginleştirme uygulanmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• LED lamba
• geri dönüşüm
• değerli metaller
• kimyasal zenginleştirme

Recovery of Precious Metals from LED Lamps

Öz

LED lamps are gradually replacing traditional bulbs (incandescent and fluorescent) due to their various advantages such as energy saving, longer life, smaller size and weight, colour diversity, tolerance to low temperatures, and mercury-free. The wider use of LED lamps in the future is predicted to be a significant step towards environmentally friendly and energy efficient lighting solutions. LED lamps require efficiency in resource utilisation, environmental and economic improvements such as recycling and eliminating hazardous substances. In addition to their long life, the precious metals and rare earth elements they contain are critical in recycling and play an important role in saving natural resources and environmental sustainability. Currently, a proper waste management process has not been determined at the end of the life of LED lamps. In this review, the general working principle of LEDs, the structure of LED bulbs, and the studies on the recycling processes of LED bulbs in the literature are included. When the studies were examined, it was determined that physical and chemical enrichment methods were generally used. The physical enrichment method was considered as pre-enrichment and enrichment by preenrichment+leaching or direct leaching was applied. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• LED lamp
• recycling
• precious metal
• chemical enrichment

Kaynakça

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