Polisakkarit esaslı polimerler,
biyomedikal uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; polisakkarit
hyaluronik asit, karboksimetil selüloz ve sodyum alginat polimerleri
kullanılarak elektro çekim yöntemiyle nanolifli yüzey üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Üretilen nanolifli yüzeye, suya dayanımını geliştirmek amacıyla, 1-etil-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) karbodiimid hidroklorit ve N-hidroksisülfosüksinimit karışımı
ile çapraz bağlama işlemi uygulanmıştır. Nanolifli yüzey, çapraz bağlama işlemi
öncesi ve sonrasında, taramalı elektron mikroskobu, fourier transform infrared
spektrometresi, atomik kuvvet mikroskobu, BET analizi ve suya dayanım testi ile
karakterize edilmiştir. Sonuçlar; çapraz bağlama işlemi ile lifli yapının
deformasyona uğramadan nanolifli yüzeyin suya dayanıklı hale geldiğini
göstermiştir.
Amiraliyan, N., Nouri, M. ve Kish, M. H. (2009) Effects of some electrospinning parameters on morphology of natural silk-based nanofibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113(1), 226-234. doi:10.1002/app.29808
Aytar, P., Buruk, Y. ve Çabuk, A. (2013) Streptecoccus equi ile hyaluronik asit üretiminde optimum koşulların plackett-burman yöntemi ile belirlenmesi, Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 11(1), 28-35.
Baji, A., Mai, Y. W., Wong, S. C., Abtahi, M. ve Chen, P. (2010) Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers: effects on oriented morphology, structures and tensile properties, Composites Science and Technology, 70, 703-718. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.01.010
Bhattarai, N., Li, Z., Edmondson, D. ve Zhang, M. (2006) Alginate based nanofibrous scaffolds: structural, mechanical, and biological properties. Advanced Materials, 18(11), 1463-1467. doi: 10.1002/adma.200502537
Collins, M. N. ve Birkinshaw, C. (2007) Comparison of the effectiveness of four different crosslinking agents with hyaluronic acid hydrogel films for tissue-culture applications, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(5), 3183-3191. doi: 10.1002/app.25993
Collins, M. N. ve Birkinshaw, C. (2013) Hyaluronic acid based scaffolds for tissue engineering-a review, Carbohydrate Polymers, 92(2), 1262-1279. doi: 10.1016/ j.carbpol.2012.10.028
Coşkun, G., Karaca, E., Özyurtlu, M., Özbek, S., Yermezler, A. ve Çavuşoğlu, İ. (2014) Histological evaluation of wound healing performance of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate as wound dressing in vivo, Bio-medical Materials and Engineering, 24(2), 1527-1536. doi: 10.3233/BME-130956
Coşkun Üstündağ, G. (2009). Elektrospinning yöntemi ile biyomedikal kullanıma yönelik nanolif yüzey üretimi ve uygulaması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, U.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
Deitzel, J. M., Kleinmeyer, J., Harris, D. E. A. ve Tan, N. B. (2001) The effect of processing variables on the morphology of electrospun nanofibers and textiles, Polymer, 42(1), 261-272. doi: 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00250-0
Diraçoğlu, D. (2007) Osteoartritte intraartiküler hyalüronik asit tedavisi-eğitim, Türkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 53, 154-159.
Fang, D., Liu, Y., Jiang, S., Nie, J. ve Ma, G. (2011) Effect of intermolecular interaction on electrospinning of sodium alginate, Carbohydrate Polymers, 85(1), 276-279. doi: 10.1016/j. carbpol.2011.01.054
Frenot, A., Henriksson, M. W. ve Walkenström, P. (2007) Electrospinning of cellulose based nanofibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 103(3), 1473-1482. doi: 10.1002/app.24912
G-Biosciences, (2016). Protein Cross-Linkers. Erişim adresi: http://www.gbiosciences.com/Protein-Research/Cross-Linking-Modification/Protein-Cross-Linkers (Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2016).
Jeong, S. I., Krebs, M. D., Bonino, C. A., Khan, S. A. ve Alsberg, E. (2010a) Electrospun alginate nanofibers with controlled cell adhesion for tissue engineering, Macromolecular Bioscience, 10(8), 934-943. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201000046
Jeong, S. I., Krebs, M. D., Bonino, C. A., Samorezov, J. E., Khan, S. A. ve Alsberg, E. (2010b) Electrospun chitosan-alginate nanofibers with in situ polyelectrolyte complexation for use as tissue engineering scaffolds, Tissue Engineering Part A, 17(1-2), 59-70. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0086
Ji, Y., Ghosh, K., Li, B., Sokolov, J. C., Clark, R. A. ve Rafailovich, M. H. (2006a) Dual-syringe reactive electrospinning of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel nanofibers for tissue engineering applications, Macromolecular Bioscience, 6(10), 811-817. doi: 10.1002/ mabi.200600132
Ji, Y., Ghosh, K., Shu, X. Z., Li, B., Sokolov, J. C., Prestwich, G. D. ve Rafailovich, M. H. (2006b) Electrospun three-dimensional hyaluronic acid nanofibrous scaffolds, Biomaterials, 27(20), 3782-3792. doi:
Kırcı, H. (2001) Selüloz türevleri ve kullanım yerleri, Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 4(2), 119-130.
Kim, T. G., Chung, H. J. ve Park, T. G. (2008a) Macroporous and nanofibrous hyaluronic acid/collagen hybrid scaffold fabricated by concurrent electrospinning and deposition/leaching of salt particles, Acta Biomaterialia, 4(6), 1611-1619. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.06.008
Kim, J. K., Srinivasan, P., Kim, J. H., Choi, J. I., Park, H. J., Byun, M. W., Lee, J. W. (2008b) Structural and antioxidant properties of gamma irradiated hyaluronic acid, Food Chemistry, 109(4), 763-770. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.038
Koral Koç, S. ve Hockenberger, A. (2009) Bazı tekstil liflerinin yüzeylerinin atomik kuvvet mikroskobu ile nano boyutta incelenmesi, Tekstil ve Mühendis Dergisi, 15(69-70), 1-6.
Kriegel, C., Arrechi, A., Kit, K., Mcclements, D.J. ve Weiss, J. (2008) Fabrication, functionalization, and application of electrospun biopolymer nanofibers, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 48(8), 775-797. doi: 10.1080/10408390802241325
Kumar, A. (2010) Nanofibers, Intech, Croatia.
Li, J., He, A., Zheng, J. ve Han, C. C. (2006) Gelatin and gelatin-hyaluronic acid nanofibrous membranes produced by electrospinning of their aqueous solutions, Biomacromolecules, 7(7), 2243-2247. doi: 10.1021/bm0603342
Liu, Y., Ma, G., Fang, D., Xu, J., Zhang, H. ve Nie, J. (2011) Effects of solution properties and electric field on the electrospinning of hyaluronic acid, Carbohydrate Polymers, 83(2), 1011-1015. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.061
Lu, J. W., Zhu, Y. L., Guo, Z. X., Hu, P. ve Yu, J. (2006) Electrospinning of sodium alginate with poly(ethylene oxide), Polymer, 47(23), 8026-8031. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.027
Lu, P. L., Lai, J. Y., Ma, D. H. K., Hsiue, G. H. (2008) Carbodiimide cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels as cell sheet delivery vehicles: characterization and interaction with corneal endothelial cells, Journal of Biomaterials Science:Polymer Edition, 19(1), 1-18. doi: 10.1163/156856208783227695
Ma, G., Fang, D., Liu, Y., Zhu, X. ve Nie, J. (2012) Electrospun sodium alginate/poly(ethylene oxide) core–shell nanofibers scaffolds potential for tissue engineering applications, Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(1), 737-743. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.055
Price, R. D., Berry, M. G. ve Navsaria, H. A. (2007) Hyaluronic acid: the scientific and clinical evidence, Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 60(10), 1110-1119. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.03.005
Qin, Y. (2008) Alginate fibres: an overview of the production processes and applications in wound management, Polymer International, 57(2), 171-180. doi: 10.1002/pi.2296
Qiu, X. ve Hu, S. (2013) Smart materials based on cellulose: a review of the preparations, properties and applications, Materials, 6(3), 738-781. doi: 10.3390/ma6030738
Qiu, L., Shao, Z. Q., Liu, M. L. ve Liu, Y. H. (2014a) Electrospinning carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) nano composite material for high-rate lithium-ion battery, Advanced Materials Research, 924, 69-72. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.924.69
Qiu, L., Shao, Z., Liu, M., Wang, J., Li, P. ve Zhao, M. (2014b) Synthesis and electrospinning carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) modified 9, 10-anthraquinone (AQ) high-rate lithium-ion battery, Carbohydrate Polymers, 102, 986-992. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.105
Qiu, L., Shao, Z., Wang, D., Wang, F., Wang, W. ve Wang, J. (2014c) Carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) as a novel binder and its electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries, Cellulose, 21(4), 2789-2796. doi: 10.1007/s10570-014-0274-7
Qiu, L., Shao, Z., Xiang, P., Wang, D., Zhou, Z., Wang, F. ve Wang, J. (2014d) Study on novel functional materials carboxymethyl cellulose lithıum (CMC-Li) improve high-performance lithium-ion battery, Carbohydrate Polymers, 110, 121-127. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.052
Qiu, L., Shao, Z., Yang, M., Wang, W., Wang, F., Wan, J. ve Duan, H. (2014e) Study on effects of carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) synthesis and electrospinning on high-rate lithium ion batteries, Cellulose, 21(1), 615-626. doi: 10.1007/s10570-013-0108-z
Ramakrishna, S., Fujihara, K., Teo, W. E., Lim, T. C. ve Ma, Z. (2005) An Introduction to Electrospinning and Nanofibers, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore.
Safi, S., Morshed, M., Hosseini Ravandi, S. A. ve Ghiaci, M. (2007) Study of electrospinning of sodium alginate, blended solutions of sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium alginate/poly(ethylene oxide), Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(5), 3245-3255. doi: 10.1002/app.25696
Shalumon, K. T., Anulekha, K. H., Nair, S. V., Nair, S. V., Chennazhi, K. P. ve Jayakumar, R. (2011) Sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol)/nano ZNO composite nanofibers for antibacterial wound dressings, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 49(3), 247-254. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.005
Shelke, N. B., James, R., Laurencin, C. T. ve Kumbar, S. G. (2014) Polysaccharide biomaterials for drug delivery and regenerative engineering, Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 25(5), 448-460. doi: 10.1002/pat.3266
Singh, A. V., Vyas, V., Patil, R., Sharma, V., Scopelliti, P. E., Bongiorno, G. ve Milani, P. (2011) Quantitative characterization of the influence of the nanoscale morphology of nanostructured surfaces on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, PLoS One, 6(9), e25029. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025029
Sinha, M. K., Das, B. R., Srivastava, A. ve Saxena, A. K. (2013) Needleless electrospinning and coating of poly vinyl alcohol with cross-linking agent via in-situ technique, International Journal of Textile and Fashion Technology, 3(5), 29-38.
Steele, J. A. M., Halle, J. P., Poncelet, D. ve Neufeld, R. J. (2014) Therapeutic cell encapsulation techniques and applications in diabetes, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 67-68, 74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.015
Stijnman, A. C., Bodnar, I. ve Tromp, R. H. (2011) Electrospinning of food-grade polysaccharides, Food Hydrocolloids, 25(5), 1393-1398. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011. 01.005
Svidronova, B. (2014). Crosslinking of polysaccharide microfibers, MSc Thesis, Brno University of Technology, Brno.
Şafak, Ş. (2016). Biyobozunur polimerlerden elektro çekim yöntemiyle üretilen nanolifli yüzeylerin cerrahi adezyon bariyeri olarak kullanımlarının araştırılması, Doktora Tezi, U.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
Tarun, K. ve Gobi, N. (2012) Calcium alginate/PVA blended nano fibre matrix for wound dressing, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 37, 127-132.
Tomihata, K. ve Ikada, Y. (1997) Crosslinking of hyaluronic acid with water-soluble carbodiimide, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 37(2), 243-251. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199711)37:23.0.CO;2-F
Tong, Q., Xiao, Q., Lim, L. T. (2008) Preparation and properties of pullulan–alginate–carboxymethylcellulose blend films, Food Research International, 41(10), 1007-1014. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2008.08.005
Uppal, R., Ramaswamy, G. N., Arnold, C., Goodband, R. ve Wang, Y. (2011) Hyaluronic acid nanofiber wound dressing-production, characterization, and in vivo behavior, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B:Applied Biomaterials, 97(1), 20-29. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.31776
Wysocka, K., Ulatowska-Jarza, A., Bauer, J., Holowacz, I., Savu, B., Stanciu, G. ve Podbielska, H. (2008) AFM examination of sol-gel matrices doped with photosensitizers, Optica Applicata, 38(1), 127-136.
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Xu, S., Li, J., He, A., Liu, W., Jiang, X., Zheng, J., Han, C. C., Hsiao, B. S., Chu, B. ve Fang, D. (2009) Chemical crosslinking and biophysical properties of electrospun hyaluronic acid based ultra-thin fibrous membranes, Polymer, 50(15), 3762-3769. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.009
Yang, D., Li, Y. ve Nie, J. (2007) Preparation of gelatin/PVA nanofibers and their potential application in controlled release of drugs, Carbohydrate Polymers, 69(3), 538-543. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.01.008
Yao, C., Li, X. ve Song, T. (2007) Fabrication of zein/hyaluronic acid fibrous membranes by electrospinning, Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 18(6), 731-742. doi: 10.1163/156856207781034070
Zhang, X., Reagan, R. M. ve Kaplan, D. L. (2009) Electrospun silk biomaterial scaffolds for regenerative medicine, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 61(12), 988-1006. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.005
Zhang, X. X., Sun, J., Wang, J. J. ve Dai, L. X. (2013) Preparation and characterization of pH-responsive poly(vinyl-alcohol)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibers, Advanced Materials Research, 796, 132-135. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.796.132
Production and Crosslinking of Polysaccharide Based Nanofibrous Mat for Biomedical Applications
Polysaccharide based polymers are widely used in
biomedical applications. In this study, nanofibrous mat was produced from
hyaluronic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate polysaccharide polymers
via electrospinning method. Resultant nanofibrous mat was crosslinked with 1-etil-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)
carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide
solution to develop its water resistance. Before and after the crosslinking
process, nanofibrous mat was characterized by scanning electron microscope,
fourier transform infrared spectrometry, atomic force microscope, BET analysis and
water resistance test. The results
indicated that the nanofibrous mat was become resistant to water without any
deformation of nanofibrous structure with the crosslinking application.
Amiraliyan, N., Nouri, M. ve Kish, M. H. (2009) Effects of some electrospinning parameters on morphology of natural silk-based nanofibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113(1), 226-234. doi:10.1002/app.29808
Aytar, P., Buruk, Y. ve Çabuk, A. (2013) Streptecoccus equi ile hyaluronik asit üretiminde optimum koşulların plackett-burman yöntemi ile belirlenmesi, Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 11(1), 28-35.
Baji, A., Mai, Y. W., Wong, S. C., Abtahi, M. ve Chen, P. (2010) Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers: effects on oriented morphology, structures and tensile properties, Composites Science and Technology, 70, 703-718. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.01.010
Bhattarai, N., Li, Z., Edmondson, D. ve Zhang, M. (2006) Alginate based nanofibrous scaffolds: structural, mechanical, and biological properties. Advanced Materials, 18(11), 1463-1467. doi: 10.1002/adma.200502537
Collins, M. N. ve Birkinshaw, C. (2007) Comparison of the effectiveness of four different crosslinking agents with hyaluronic acid hydrogel films for tissue-culture applications, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(5), 3183-3191. doi: 10.1002/app.25993
Collins, M. N. ve Birkinshaw, C. (2013) Hyaluronic acid based scaffolds for tissue engineering-a review, Carbohydrate Polymers, 92(2), 1262-1279. doi: 10.1016/ j.carbpol.2012.10.028
Coşkun, G., Karaca, E., Özyurtlu, M., Özbek, S., Yermezler, A. ve Çavuşoğlu, İ. (2014) Histological evaluation of wound healing performance of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate as wound dressing in vivo, Bio-medical Materials and Engineering, 24(2), 1527-1536. doi: 10.3233/BME-130956
Coşkun Üstündağ, G. (2009). Elektrospinning yöntemi ile biyomedikal kullanıma yönelik nanolif yüzey üretimi ve uygulaması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, U.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
Deitzel, J. M., Kleinmeyer, J., Harris, D. E. A. ve Tan, N. B. (2001) The effect of processing variables on the morphology of electrospun nanofibers and textiles, Polymer, 42(1), 261-272. doi: 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00250-0
Diraçoğlu, D. (2007) Osteoartritte intraartiküler hyalüronik asit tedavisi-eğitim, Türkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 53, 154-159.
Fang, D., Liu, Y., Jiang, S., Nie, J. ve Ma, G. (2011) Effect of intermolecular interaction on electrospinning of sodium alginate, Carbohydrate Polymers, 85(1), 276-279. doi: 10.1016/j. carbpol.2011.01.054
Frenot, A., Henriksson, M. W. ve Walkenström, P. (2007) Electrospinning of cellulose based nanofibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 103(3), 1473-1482. doi: 10.1002/app.24912
G-Biosciences, (2016). Protein Cross-Linkers. Erişim adresi: http://www.gbiosciences.com/Protein-Research/Cross-Linking-Modification/Protein-Cross-Linkers (Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2016).
Jeong, S. I., Krebs, M. D., Bonino, C. A., Khan, S. A. ve Alsberg, E. (2010a) Electrospun alginate nanofibers with controlled cell adhesion for tissue engineering, Macromolecular Bioscience, 10(8), 934-943. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201000046
Jeong, S. I., Krebs, M. D., Bonino, C. A., Samorezov, J. E., Khan, S. A. ve Alsberg, E. (2010b) Electrospun chitosan-alginate nanofibers with in situ polyelectrolyte complexation for use as tissue engineering scaffolds, Tissue Engineering Part A, 17(1-2), 59-70. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0086
Ji, Y., Ghosh, K., Li, B., Sokolov, J. C., Clark, R. A. ve Rafailovich, M. H. (2006a) Dual-syringe reactive electrospinning of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel nanofibers for tissue engineering applications, Macromolecular Bioscience, 6(10), 811-817. doi: 10.1002/ mabi.200600132
Ji, Y., Ghosh, K., Shu, X. Z., Li, B., Sokolov, J. C., Prestwich, G. D. ve Rafailovich, M. H. (2006b) Electrospun three-dimensional hyaluronic acid nanofibrous scaffolds, Biomaterials, 27(20), 3782-3792. doi:
Kırcı, H. (2001) Selüloz türevleri ve kullanım yerleri, Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 4(2), 119-130.
Kim, T. G., Chung, H. J. ve Park, T. G. (2008a) Macroporous and nanofibrous hyaluronic acid/collagen hybrid scaffold fabricated by concurrent electrospinning and deposition/leaching of salt particles, Acta Biomaterialia, 4(6), 1611-1619. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.06.008
Kim, J. K., Srinivasan, P., Kim, J. H., Choi, J. I., Park, H. J., Byun, M. W., Lee, J. W. (2008b) Structural and antioxidant properties of gamma irradiated hyaluronic acid, Food Chemistry, 109(4), 763-770. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.038
Koral Koç, S. ve Hockenberger, A. (2009) Bazı tekstil liflerinin yüzeylerinin atomik kuvvet mikroskobu ile nano boyutta incelenmesi, Tekstil ve Mühendis Dergisi, 15(69-70), 1-6.
Kriegel, C., Arrechi, A., Kit, K., Mcclements, D.J. ve Weiss, J. (2008) Fabrication, functionalization, and application of electrospun biopolymer nanofibers, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 48(8), 775-797. doi: 10.1080/10408390802241325
Kumar, A. (2010) Nanofibers, Intech, Croatia.
Li, J., He, A., Zheng, J. ve Han, C. C. (2006) Gelatin and gelatin-hyaluronic acid nanofibrous membranes produced by electrospinning of their aqueous solutions, Biomacromolecules, 7(7), 2243-2247. doi: 10.1021/bm0603342
Liu, Y., Ma, G., Fang, D., Xu, J., Zhang, H. ve Nie, J. (2011) Effects of solution properties and electric field on the electrospinning of hyaluronic acid, Carbohydrate Polymers, 83(2), 1011-1015. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.061
Lu, J. W., Zhu, Y. L., Guo, Z. X., Hu, P. ve Yu, J. (2006) Electrospinning of sodium alginate with poly(ethylene oxide), Polymer, 47(23), 8026-8031. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.027
Lu, P. L., Lai, J. Y., Ma, D. H. K., Hsiue, G. H. (2008) Carbodiimide cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels as cell sheet delivery vehicles: characterization and interaction with corneal endothelial cells, Journal of Biomaterials Science:Polymer Edition, 19(1), 1-18. doi: 10.1163/156856208783227695
Ma, G., Fang, D., Liu, Y., Zhu, X. ve Nie, J. (2012) Electrospun sodium alginate/poly(ethylene oxide) core–shell nanofibers scaffolds potential for tissue engineering applications, Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(1), 737-743. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.055
Price, R. D., Berry, M. G. ve Navsaria, H. A. (2007) Hyaluronic acid: the scientific and clinical evidence, Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 60(10), 1110-1119. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.03.005
Qin, Y. (2008) Alginate fibres: an overview of the production processes and applications in wound management, Polymer International, 57(2), 171-180. doi: 10.1002/pi.2296
Qiu, X. ve Hu, S. (2013) Smart materials based on cellulose: a review of the preparations, properties and applications, Materials, 6(3), 738-781. doi: 10.3390/ma6030738
Qiu, L., Shao, Z. Q., Liu, M. L. ve Liu, Y. H. (2014a) Electrospinning carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) nano composite material for high-rate lithium-ion battery, Advanced Materials Research, 924, 69-72. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.924.69
Qiu, L., Shao, Z., Liu, M., Wang, J., Li, P. ve Zhao, M. (2014b) Synthesis and electrospinning carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) modified 9, 10-anthraquinone (AQ) high-rate lithium-ion battery, Carbohydrate Polymers, 102, 986-992. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.105
Qiu, L., Shao, Z., Wang, D., Wang, F., Wang, W. ve Wang, J. (2014c) Carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) as a novel binder and its electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries, Cellulose, 21(4), 2789-2796. doi: 10.1007/s10570-014-0274-7
Qiu, L., Shao, Z., Xiang, P., Wang, D., Zhou, Z., Wang, F. ve Wang, J. (2014d) Study on novel functional materials carboxymethyl cellulose lithıum (CMC-Li) improve high-performance lithium-ion battery, Carbohydrate Polymers, 110, 121-127. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.052
Qiu, L., Shao, Z., Yang, M., Wang, W., Wang, F., Wan, J. ve Duan, H. (2014e) Study on effects of carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) synthesis and electrospinning on high-rate lithium ion batteries, Cellulose, 21(1), 615-626. doi: 10.1007/s10570-013-0108-z
Ramakrishna, S., Fujihara, K., Teo, W. E., Lim, T. C. ve Ma, Z. (2005) An Introduction to Electrospinning and Nanofibers, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore.
Safi, S., Morshed, M., Hosseini Ravandi, S. A. ve Ghiaci, M. (2007) Study of electrospinning of sodium alginate, blended solutions of sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium alginate/poly(ethylene oxide), Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(5), 3245-3255. doi: 10.1002/app.25696
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Shelke, N. B., James, R., Laurencin, C. T. ve Kumbar, S. G. (2014) Polysaccharide biomaterials for drug delivery and regenerative engineering, Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 25(5), 448-460. doi: 10.1002/pat.3266
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Şafak, Ş., & Karaca, E. (2017). BİYOMEDİKAL UYGULAMALAR İÇİN POLİSAKKARİT ESASLI NANOLİFLİ YÜZEY ÜRETİMİ VE ÇAPRAZ BAĞLANMASI. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.309657
AMA
Şafak Ş, Karaca E. BİYOMEDİKAL UYGULAMALAR İÇİN POLİSAKKARİT ESASLI NANOLİFLİ YÜZEY ÜRETİMİ VE ÇAPRAZ BAĞLANMASI. UUJFE. Aralık 2017;22(3):127-144. doi:10.17482/uumfd.309657
Chicago
Şafak, Şerife, ve Esra Karaca. “BİYOMEDİKAL UYGULAMALAR İÇİN POLİSAKKARİT ESASLI NANOLİFLİ YÜZEY ÜRETİMİ VE ÇAPRAZ BAĞLANMASI”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 22, sy. 3 (Aralık 2017): 127-44. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.309657.
EndNote
Şafak Ş, Karaca E (01 Aralık 2017) BİYOMEDİKAL UYGULAMALAR İÇİN POLİSAKKARİT ESASLI NANOLİFLİ YÜZEY ÜRETİMİ VE ÇAPRAZ BAĞLANMASI. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 22 3 127–144.
IEEE
Ş. Şafak ve E. Karaca, “BİYOMEDİKAL UYGULAMALAR İÇİN POLİSAKKARİT ESASLI NANOLİFLİ YÜZEY ÜRETİMİ VE ÇAPRAZ BAĞLANMASI”, UUJFE, c. 22, sy. 3, ss. 127–144, 2017, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.309657.
ISNAD
Şafak, Şerife - Karaca, Esra. “BİYOMEDİKAL UYGULAMALAR İÇİN POLİSAKKARİT ESASLI NANOLİFLİ YÜZEY ÜRETİMİ VE ÇAPRAZ BAĞLANMASI”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 22/3 (Aralık 2017), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.309657.
JAMA
Şafak Ş, Karaca E. BİYOMEDİKAL UYGULAMALAR İÇİN POLİSAKKARİT ESASLI NANOLİFLİ YÜZEY ÜRETİMİ VE ÇAPRAZ BAĞLANMASI. UUJFE. 2017;22:127–144.
MLA
Şafak, Şerife ve Esra Karaca. “BİYOMEDİKAL UYGULAMALAR İÇİN POLİSAKKARİT ESASLI NANOLİFLİ YÜZEY ÜRETİMİ VE ÇAPRAZ BAĞLANMASI”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 22, sy. 3, 2017, ss. 127-44, doi:10.17482/uumfd.309657.
Vancouver
Şafak Ş, Karaca E. BİYOMEDİKAL UYGULAMALAR İÇİN POLİSAKKARİT ESASLI NANOLİFLİ YÜZEY ÜRETİMİ VE ÇAPRAZ BAĞLANMASI. UUJFE. 2017;22(3):127-44.
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