RAO_1 OPTİMİZASYON ALGORİTMASI KULLANILARAK TABAN PLAĞI DİŞLİ BETONARME KONSOL İSTİNAT DUVARI TASARIMI

Öz

Bu çalışmada, düşük ağırlığa sahip, tabanında diş kesit bulunan betonarme bir konsol istinat duvarı tasarımı optimizasyonu konu edilmiştir. Optimizasyon süreci için, daha önce istinat duvarı problemine uygulanmamış bir algoritma olan Rao_1 algoritması kullanılmıştır. İstinat duvarı optimizasyonunda, problemi tanımlamak için 12 tasarım değişkeni ve 26 kısıt kullanılmıştır. Tasarım, Rankine yanal basınç teorisi yardımıyla, duvarın geoteknik stabilitesini korumak amacıyla duvarın kayma, dönme ve temelin taşıma gücüne karşı güvenlik katsayıları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Betonarme tasarımın iç stabilitesini sağlamak üzere moment ve kayma kapasitesi için ACI 318-05 standardından faydalanılmıştır. Tasarım, taban plağı dişli ve dişsiz konsol istinat duvarları olan iki ayrı sayısal örnekle desteklenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Optimizasyon,Meta-sezgisel algoritma,İstinat duvarı, Tasarım,Rao_1

Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall with the Shear Key Design by Using Rao_1 Optimization Algorithm

Öz

In this study, low-weight reinforced concrete retaining wall with the shear key design optimization is subjected. For optimization process, Rao_1 algorithm, which was not implemented to the retaining wall problem before, is used. Twelve design variables and twenty-six constraints, which were constituted in order to define the problem, were used for retaining wall optimization. The design is restricted with the purpose of preserve the geotechnical stability of the wall with the safety factors against to sliding, overturning and bearing capacity failure modes by the help of the Rankine theory for lateral earth pressure. In order to provide internal stability of the wall for moment and shear capacity, it is utilized from ACI 318-05 standards. The design was supported with 2 different numerical examples, which they are the cantilever retaining wall with the shear key and without shear key

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Metaheuristic Algorithms,Optimization,Retaining Wall Design,Rao_1

Kaynakça

1. ACI 318-05, (2015). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, American Concrete Institute, Detroit
2. Aydogdu, İ. (2017) Cost optimization of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls under seismic loading using a biogeography-based optimization algorithm with Levy flights, Engineering Optimization, 49(3), 381-400. DOI: 10.1080/0305215X.2016.1191837
3. Gandomi, A.H., Kashani, A.R., Mousavi, M. ve Roke, D.A. (2015) Optimization of Retaining Wall Design using Recent Swarm Intelligence Techniques, Engineering Structures, 103, 72-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.08.034
4. Gandomi, A.H., Kashani, A.R. ve Zeighami, F. (2017a) Retaining wall optimization using interior search algorithm with different bound constraint handling, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 41, 1304–1331. DOI: 10.1002/nag.2678
5. Gandomi A.H., Kashani A.R., Roke D.A. ve Mousavi M. (2017b), Optimization of retaining wall design using evolutionary algorithms, Structural Multidisciplinary Optimization,55(3), 809. DOI: 10.1007/s00158-016-1521-3
6. Holland, J.H. (1992) Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control and Artificial Intelligence, MIT Press Cambridge, MA, USA, 2nd Edition, ISSN:9780262082136.
7. Kaveh, A. ve Soleimani, N. (2015) CBO and DPSO for optimum design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 16(6), 751-774.
8. Kaveh, A. ve Laien J.D. (2017) Optimal design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls using CBO, ECBO and VPS algorithms, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 18(4), 657-671.

9. Kayabekir, A.E., Bekdaş, G., Niğdeli, S.M., ve Temür, R., (2017) Statik ve Dinamik Yükler Altında İstinat Duvarlarının Optimum Tasarımı, Engineering Sciences (NWSAENS), 12(1), 46-56. DOI:10.12739/NWSA.2017.12.1.1A0372
10. Kayhan, A.H. ve Demir, A. (2018) Optimum design of RC cantilever retaining walls subjected to static and dynamic loadings by differential evolution algorithm, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilim Degisi, 24(3), 403-412. DOI: 10.5505/pajes.2017.04834
11. Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C. D. ve Vecchi, M.P. (1983) Optimization by simulated annealing, Science, 220(4598), 671-80. DOI: 10.1126/science.220.4598.671
12. Lopez, R.H. (2017) Optimum project of cantilever retaining wall using Search Group Algorithm and Backtracking Search Algorithm, Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculoy Diseño en Ingeniería.
13. Mahmood, U.A. ve Alam, B. (2015) Design optimization of cantilever retaining wall using direct optimal design simulation, International Journal of Advanced Structures and Geotechnical Engineering, 4(4), 243-246. ISSN: 2319-5347.
14. McCulloch, W.S. ve Pitts, W. (1943) Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 5: 115. DOI: 10.1007/BF02478259
15. Mohammad, F.A. ve Ahmed, H.G. (2018) Optimum Design of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls According Eurocode 2, Athens Journal of Technology and Engineering, 5(3), 277-296. DOI:10.30958/ajte.5-3-4
16. Molina-Moreno, F., García-Segura, T., Martí, J.V. ve Yepes, V. (2017) Optimization of buttressed earth-retaining walls using hybrid harmony search algorithms, Engineering Structures, 134, 205–216. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.12.042
17. Monghasemi, S., Nikoo, M.R., Fasaee, M.A.K. ve Adamowski, J. (2015) A novel multi criteria decision making model for optimizing time–cost–quality trade-off problems in construction projects, Expert Systems with Applications, 42, 3089-3104. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2014.11.032
18. Osman, I. H. (1995). An introduction to metaheuristics, Operational Research Tutorial Papers, Publication of Operational Research Society Press, pp:92-122, Eds: M. Lawrence & C. Wilsden, University of Kent, Canterbury.
19. Öztürk, H.T. ve Türkeli, E. (2019) Tabanında Anahtar Kesiti Bulunan Betonarme İstinat Duvarlarının Jaya Algoritmasıyla Optimum Tasarımı, Politeknik Dergisi, 22(2), 283-291. DOI: 10.2339/politeknik.432031
20. Rao, R. (2020) Rao algorithms: Three metaphor-less simple algorithms for solving optimization problems. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 11(1), 107-130 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2019.6.002
21. Russell, S. J., Norvig, P., ve Davis, E. (2010) Artificial intelligence: a modern approach, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. (3rd edition) DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2011.01.005
22. Saribaş, A. ve Erbatur, F. (1996) Optimization and sensitivity of retaining structures, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 122(8), 649–656. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9410(1996)122:8(649)
23. Singla, S ve Gupta, S. (2015) Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls of Varying Heights using Relieving Platforms, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 4(06), 1071-1077. DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV4IS060935
24. Sörensen, K. (2013) Metaheuristics -- the metaphor exposed, International Transactions of Operational Research. 22(1) 3–18. DOI: 10.1111/itor.12001
25. Tonne, V.R. ve Mohite, P.M (2015) Optimization and improvement in stability of counterfront retaining wall with relief shelf, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(4), 447–451. DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2015.0404079
26. Yang, Y., Wu, J., Sun, X., Wu, J. ve Zheng C. (2013) A niched Pareto tabusearch for multiobjective optimal design of groundwater remediation systems, Journal of Hydrology, 490: 56–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.03.022