ENDÜSTRİYEL ARITMA ÇAMURLARINDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) SICAKLIK VE UV IŞINLARI ETKİSİYLE HAVAYA GEÇİŞİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 23.03.2016

Gizem Karaca Yücel Taşdemir

https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.48380

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmada, otomotiv arıtma çamurlarındaki poliaromatik hidrokarbonların (PAH’ların)  sıcaklık ve UV uygulamaları sonrasında hava ortamına geçişleri incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar için özel olarak tasarlanmış düzenekte yüksek enerjili UV-C lambaları kullanılmıştır. Poliüretan köpük (PUF) içeren kolonlar düzenek giriş ve çıkışına yerleştirilerek iç ortam havası 24 saat boyunca vakumlanmıştır. Düzenek girişindeki PUF kolonu dışarıdan düzeneğe giren PAH’ları tutarken düzenek çıkışındaki kolon ise buharlaşan PAH’ların örneklenmesi için kullanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar 3 tekrarlı yapılmıştır. Tüm sıcaklık değerlerinde, çamurdan havaya geçen PAH’ların ortalama %82’sinin 3 halkalılardan oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Sıcaklık uygulamaları sonunda çamurdaki PAH’ların maksimum %57’si havaya geçmiştir (37^oC’de-UV yokken). UV uygulamalarında ise bu değer %71’e ulaşmıştır (37 ^oC’de-UV varken). Çamurdan havaya geçen PAH miktarı sıcaklığın 8^oC’den 37^oC’ye yükselmesiyle artış göstermiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otomotiv Arıtma Çamuru; PAH; Sıcaklık; UV; Buharlaşma

Migration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Industrial Treatment Sludge to Air with the Effect of Temperature and UV Light

Öz

In this study, the migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the automotive industry treatment sludge to air with the effect of temperature and UV light were investigated. In the apparatus specifically designed for experimental studies, UV-C lamps with high energy were used as a light source. By placing the columns containing polyurethane foam (PUF) on the inlet and outlet of the apparatus, the inside air was vacuumed for 24 hours. While the inlet PUF column kept PAHs entering the apparatus, the outlet column was used to collection of the evaporated PAHs. All the experiments were repeated three times. Average 82% of migrated PAHs consisted of 3-ring compounds at all temperatures. While 57% of PAHs in the sludge migrated to air during temperature application (37 ^oC-without UV), this value incresed to 71% during UV application (37^oC-with UV). The amounts of migrated PAHs were increased with increasing of temperature from 8 ^oC to 37 ^oC.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Automotive Treatment Sludge; PAH; Temperature; UV; Evaporation

Kaynakça

• Baek, S., Field, R.A., Goldstone, M.E., Kırk, P.W., Lester, J.N. ve Perry, R.A. (1991) A review of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: sources, fate and behavior, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 60, 279-300.
• Beck, A., Johnson, D. ve Jones., K. (1996) The form and bioavailability of non-ionic organic chemicals in sewage sludge-amended agricultural soils, Science of Total Environment, 185, 125-149.
• Blanchard, M., Teil, M.J., Ollivon, D., Legenti, L. ve Chevreuil M. (2004) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychloro biphenyls in wastewaters and sewage sludges from the Paris area (France), Environmental Research, 95, 184-197.
• Cindoruk, S.S. ve Tasdemir, Y. (2007) Deposition of atmospheric particulate PCBs in suburban site of Turkey, Atmospheric Research, 85, 300–309.
• Esen, F., Cindoruk, S.S. ve Tasdemir, Y. (2006) Ambient
• concentrations and gas/particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban site in Turkey, Environmental Forensics, 303-312.
• Esen, F., Tasdemir, Y. ve Vardar, N. (2008) Atmospheric concentrations of PAHs, their possible sources and gas-to-particle partitioning at a residential site of Bursa, Turkey, Atmospherıc Research, 88 (3-4), 243-255.
• Guieysse, B., Viklund, G., Toes, A.C. ve Mattiasson, B. (2004) Combined UV-Biological degradation of PAHs, Chemosphere, 55, 1493-1499.
• Hawthorne, S.B. ve Grabanski, C.B. (2000) Vaporization of PAHs from sediments at ambient conditions, Environmental Science and Technology, 34, 4348-4353.
• Huang, X.Y., Chen, J.W., Gao, L.N., Ding, G.H., Zhao, Y.Z. ve Schramm, K.-W. (2004) Data evaluations and quantitative predictive models for vapor pressures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at different temperatures. SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 15, 115–125.
• IARC- International Agency for Reseaqrch on Cancer (1986). PAH as occupational carcinogens In: Bjorseth, A., becker, G. (Eds.), PAH Work Atmosphere Occurrence and Determination. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1-13.
• Ireland, J.C., Dávila, B. ve Moreno, H. (1995) Heterogeneous photocatalytic decomposition of polyaromatic J.C. hydrocarbons over titanium dioxide, Chemosphere, 30, 965- 984.
• Jonsson, S., Persson,Y., Frankki,S., Bavel, B., Lundstedt, S., Haglund, P. ve Tysklind, M. (2007) Degradation of PAHs in contaminated soils by Fenton’s reagent: A multivariate evaluation of the importance of soil characteristics and PAH properties, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149, 86-96.
• Karaca G. (2013) Arıtma Çamurları ve Nilüfer Çayı Sedimentindeki Poliaromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) Seviyelerinin Belirlenmesi ve Giderimlerinin Araştırılması, Doktora Tezi, Danışman:Yücel Taşdemir, Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Karaca, G. ve Taşdemir, Y. (2013) Effects of temperature and photocatalysts on removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from automotive industry sludge, Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 33, 380–395.
• Karaca, G. ve Tasdemir, Y. (2011) Effect of diethylamine on PAH removal from municipal sludge under UV Light, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20, 1777-1784.
• Lee, S.C., K.F. Ho, L.Y. Chan, B. Zielinska ve Chow J.C. (2001) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbonyl compounds In urban atmosphere of Hong Kong, Atmospheric Environment, 35(34), 5949-5960.
• Li, G., Xia, X., Yang, Z., Wang, R. ve Voulvoulis N. (2006) Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, China, Environmental Pollution, 144, 985-993
• Nadal, M., Schuhmacher, M. ve Domingo, J.L. (2004) Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County, Spain, Environmental Pollution, 132 (1):1-11.
• Nadal, M., Wargent, J.J., Jones, K.C., Paul, N.D., Schuhmacher M. ve Domingo J.L. (2006) Influence of UV-B radiation and temperature on photodegradation of PAHs: Preliminary results. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 55, 241-252.
• Park, S.S., Kim, Y.J., Kang, C.H. (2002) Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Seoul, Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 2917-2924.
• Salihoğlu, N.K., Karaca, G., Salihoğlu, G., Taşdemir, Y. (2012) Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from municipal sludge using UV light. Desalination and Water Treatment, 44, 324-333.
• Salihoglu, N.K., Salihoglu, G., Tasdemir, Y., Cindoruk, S. S., Yolsal, D., Ogulmus, R. ve Karaca, G. (2010) Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels in sludge from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, Archives Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 58, 523-534.
• Sayles G.D., Acheson, C.M., Kupferle M.J., Shan Y., Zhou, Q., Meier, J.R., Chang L. ve Brenner R.C. (1999) Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 4310-4317.
• Shi, Z., Tao, S., Pan, B., Fan, W., He, X.C., Zuo, Q., Wu, S.P., Li, B.G., Cao, J., Liu W.X., Xu, F.L., Wang, X.J., Shen, W.R. ve Wong, P.K. (2005) Contamination of rivers in Tianjin, China by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Environmental Pollution, 134, 97-11
• Smith, D.J.T. ve Harrison, R.M. (1996) Concentrations, trends and vehicle source profile of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the U.K. atmosphere, Atmospheric Environment, 30(14), 2513-2525.
• Stevens, J., Northcott, G.L., Stern, G.A., Tomy, G.T. ve Jones, K.C. (2003) PAHs, PCBs, PCNs, OCPs, synthetic musks, and polchlorinated n-alkanes in U.K. sewage sludge: survey results and implications, Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 462-467.
• Trably, E. ve Patureau, D. (2006) Successful treatment of low PAH- contaminated sewage sludge in aerobic bioreactors, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 13, 170-176.
• Vardar, N., Tasdemir, Y., Odabasi, M. ve Noll, K.E. (2004) Characterization of atmospheric concentrations and partitioning of PAHs in the Chicago atmosphere, Science of the Total Environment, 327, 163–174.
• Wang, C.F., Wang, X.P., Gong, P. ve Yao, T.D. (2014) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil across the Tibetan Plateau: Spatial distribution, source and air-soil exchange, Environmental Pollution, 184, 138-144.
• Wang, Y., Liu, C.S., Li, F.B., Liu, C.P. ve Liang, J.B. (2009) Photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene by iron oxide in solid phase, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, 716–723.
• Wang, D., Chen, J., Xu, Z., Qiao, X. ve Huang, L. (2005). Disappearance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sorbed on surfaces of pine [Pinua thunbergii] needles under irradiation of sunlight: Volatilization and photolysis, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 4583–4591.
• Witt, G. (1995) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediment of the Baltic Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 31, 237-248.
• Yang, H.H., Lee W.J., Chen S.J. ve Lai S.O. (1998) PAH emission from various industrial stacks, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 60 (2), 159-174.
• Zhang, L., Li, P., Gonga, Z. ve Xuemei, Li, (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soil surfaces using TiO2 under UV light, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158(2-3), 478–484.
• Zhang, L., Pei-Jun, L., Gong, Z. ve Adeola O. (2006) Photochemical behaviour of Benzo(a) pyrene on soil surfaces under UV light irradiation, Journal of Environmental Science, 18, 1226-1232.
• Zhang, L., Li, P., Gonga, Z. ve Xuemei, Li, (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soil surfaces using TiO2 under UV light, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158(2-3), 478–484.
• Zhang, L., Pei-Jun, L., Gong, Z. ve Adeola O. (2006) Photochemical behaiour of Benzo(a) pyrene on soil surfaces under UV light irridation, Journal of Environmental Science, 18, 1226-1232.