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Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 523 - 548, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.502482

Öz

The nitrogen element, which constitutes 75.5% by weight and 78.06% by volume of the Earth's
atmosphere, participates in the structure of many important biomolecules such as ATP, chlorophyll,
nucleic acids and vitamins. However, this element found as a form of dinitrogen gas (N2) is not suitable
form to use for living organisms, especially primary producers. Therefore, the nitrogen cycle is one of the
most important biological processes that ensure the continuity of life. At the end of the 1990’s, findings
on the nitrogen cycle were updated along with the discovery of anammox bacteria, and anammox
applications have now become an alternative technology to conventional nitrification/denitrification
processes used in wastewater treatment plants. This process can be explained as a conversion of
ammonium into the dinitrogen gas in anoxic environment by anamox bacteria using nitrite as an electron
acceptor. Although seven anammox genera have been discovered up to now, all of them are named by the
status of Candidatus since their pure cultures cannot be obtained. Furthermore, these bacteria have been a
scientific turning point in the fields of ecological research and molecular biology due to their unique
metabolism. In this context, the growth and cell biology, molecular mechanism of anammox bacteria and
the role and importance of Anammox process in environmental applications were investigated in detail.

Kaynakça

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ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 523 - 548, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.502482

Öz

Dünya atmosferinin ağırlıkça %75,5’ini, hacimce %78,06’sını oluşturan azot elementi ATP, klorofil,
nükleik asitler, vitaminler gibi birçok önemli biyomolekülün yapısına katılmaktadır. Fakat azot gazı
formunda (N2) bulunan bu element, birincil üreticiler dahil canlılar için kullanılmaya elverişli formda
değildir. Bu yüzden azot döngüsü yaşamın sürekliliğini sağlayan en önemli biyolojik proseslerden biridir.
1990’lı yılların sonunda anammox bakterilerinin keşfi ile birlikte azot döngüsü hakkındaki bulgular
güncellenmiş olup, anammox uygulamaları günümüzde atık su arıtma tesislerinde kullanılan
konvansiyonel nitrifikasyon/denitrifikasyon proseslerine alternatif bir teknoloji haline gelmiştir. Bu
proses anoksik ortamda anammox bakterilerinin nitriti elektron alıcı olarak kullanarak amonyumu azot
gazına dönüştürmesi olarak açıklanabilir. Şimdiye kadar, yedi anammox cinsi bulunmasına rağmen, saf
kültürleri elde edilemediği için hepsine aday (Candidatus) statüsü verilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, bu
bakteriler eşsiz metabolizmaları nedeniyle ekolojik araştırmalar ve moleküler biyoloji alanlarında bilimsel
bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızda anammox bakterilerinin büyümesi, hücre
biyolojisi, moleküler mekanizması ile birlikte Anammox prosesinin çevre uygulmalarındaki rolü ve
önemi detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. 

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  • Oshiki, M., Shimokawa, M., Fujii, N., Satoh, H. ve Okabe, S. (2011) Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium 'Candidatus Brocadia sinica', Microbiology, 157(Pt 6), 1706-1713. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.048595-0}
  • Peeters, S.H. ve van Niftrik, L. (2019) Trending topics and open questions in anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 49, 45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.022
  • Pereira, A.D., Cabezas, A., Etchebehere, C., de Lemos Chernicharo, C.A. ve de Araújo, J.C. (2017) Microbial communities in anammox reactors: a review, Environmental Technology Reviews, 6(1), 74-93. doi: 10.1080/21622515.2017.1304457
  • Pérez, J., Lotti, T., Kleerebezem, R., Picioreanu, C. ve van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. (2014) Outcompeting nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in single-stage nitrogen removal in sewage treatment plants: a model-based study, Water Research, 66, 208-218. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.028
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  • Shen, L., Hu, A., Jin, R., Cheng, D., Zheng, P., Xu, X., Hu, B. (2012). Enrichment of anammox bacteria from three sludge sources for the startup of monosodium glutamate industrial wastewater treatment system, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 199-200, 193-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.081
  • Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Strous, M., Rijpstra, W.I.C., Hopmans, E.C., Geenevasen, J.A.J., van Duin, A.C.T., van Niftrik, L.A. ve Jetten, M.S.M. (2002) Linearly concatenated cyclobutane lipids form a dense bacterial membrane, Nature, 419(6908), 708-712. doi: 10.1038/nature01128
  • Sobotka D., Tuszyńska A., Kowal. P., Ciesielski S., Czerwionka K. ve Makinia J. (2017) Long-term performance and microbial characteristics of the anammox-enriched granular sludge cultivated in a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 120, 125-135. doi: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.01.007
  • Stein, L.Y. ve Klotz, M.G. (2016) The nitrogen cycle, Current Biology, 26(3), 94-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.021
  • Strous, M., Heijnen, J.J., Kuenen, J.G. ve Jetten, M.S.M. (1998) The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 50(5), 589-596. doi: 10.1007/s002530051
  • Strous, M., Fuerst, J.A., Kramer, E.H.M., Logemann, S., Muyzer, G., van de PasSchoonen, K.T., Webb, R., Kuenen, J.G. ve Jetten, M.S.M. (1999a) Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete, Nature, 400(6743), 446-449. doi: 10.1038/22749
  • Strous, M., Kuenen, J.G. ve Jetten, M.S.M. (1999b) Key physiology of anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 65, 3248–3250.
  • Strous, M., Pelletier, E., Mangenot, S., Rattei, T., Lehner, A., Taylor, M.W., Horn, M., Daims, H., Bartol-Mavel, D., Wincker, P., Barbe, V., Fonknechten, N., Vallenet, D., Segurens, B., Schenowitz-Truong, C., Médigue, C., Collingro, A., Snel, B., Dutilh, B.E., Op den Camp, H.J., van der Drift, C., Cirpus, I., van de Pas-Schoonen, K.T., Harhangi, H.R., van Niftrik, L., Schmid, M., Keltjens, J., van de Vossenberg, J., Kartal, B., Meier, H., Frishman, D., Huynen, M.A., Mewes, H.W., Weissenbach, J., Jetten, M.S., Wagner, M. ve Le Paslier D. (2006) Deciphering the evolution and metabolism of an anammox bacterium from a community genome, Nature, 440(7085), 790-794. doi: 10.1038/nature04647
  • Tang, C.J., Zheng, P., Chen, T.T., Zhang, J.Q., Mahmood, Q., Ding, S.A., Chen, X.G., Chen, J.W. and Wu, D.T. (2011) Enhanced nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical wastewater using SBA-Anammox process, Water Research, 45(1), 201-210. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.036
  • Tomaszewski, M., Cema, G. ve Ziembińska-Buczyńska, A. (2017) Influence of temperature and pH on the anammox process: a review and meta-analysis, Chemosphere, 182, 203-214. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.003
  • Tsushima I., Kindaichi T. ve Okabe S. (2007) Quantification of anaerobic ammoniumoxidizing bacteria in enrichment cultures by real-time PCR, Water Research, 41(4), 785– 794. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.11.024
  • Uflaz, H. (2018). Start-up of pilot scale partial nitrification and anammox reactors installed in a sewage treatment plant, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, M.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • van de Graaf, A.A., de Bruijn, P., Robertson, L.A., Jetten, M.S.M. ve Kuenen, J.G. (1997) Metabolic pathway of anaerobic ammonium oxidation on basis of N-15 studies in a fluidized bed reactor, Microbiology, 143(7), 2415–2421. doi: 10.1099/00221287-143-7-2415
  • van Niftrik, L., Geerts, W.J., van Donselaar, E.G., Humbel, B.M., Webb, R.I., Fuerst, J.A., Verkleji, A.J., Jetten, M.S. ve Strous, M. (2008a) Linking ultrastructure and function in four genera of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria: Cell plan, glycogen storage, and localization of cytochrome C proteins, Journal of Bacteriology, 190(2), 708–717. doi: 10.1128/JB.01449-07
  • van Niftrik, L., Geerts, W.J., van Donselaar, E.G., Humbel, B.M., Yakushevska, A., Verkleij, A.J., Jetten, M.S.M. ve Strous, M. (2008b) Combined structural and chemical analysis of the anammoxosome: a membrane-bounded intracytoplasmic compartment in anammox bacteria, Journal of Structural Biology, 161(3), 401–410. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2007.05.005
  • van Niftrik, L., Geerts, W.J.C., van Donselaar, E.G., Humbel, B.M., Webb, R.I., Harhangi, H.R., Op den Camp, H.J., Fuerst, J.A., Verkleij, A.J., Jetten, M.S. ve Strous, M. (2009) Cell division ring, a new cell division protein and vertical inheritance of a bacterial organelle in anammox planctomycetes, Molecular Microbiology, 73(6), 1009–1019. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06841.x
  • van Niftrik, L., van Helden, M., Kirchen, S., van Donselaar, E.G., Harhangi, H.R., Webb, R.I., Fuerst, J.A., Op den Camp, H.J., Jetten, M.S. ve Strous, M. (2010) Intracellular localization of membrane-bound ATPases in the compartmentalized anammox bacterium ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’, Molecular Microbiology, 77(3), 701–715. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07242.x
  • van Niftrik, L. ve Jetten, M.S.M. (2012) Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria: unique microorganisms with exceptional properties, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 76(3), 585-596. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.05025-11
  • van Niftrik, L. (2013) Cell biology of unique anammox bacteria that contain an energy conserving prokaryotic organelle, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 104(4), 489-497. doi: 10.1007/s10482-013-9990-5
  • van Teeseling, V.C.F., Neumann, S. ve van Niftrik, L. (2013) The anammoxosome organelle is crucial for the energy metabolism of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 23(1-2), 104–117. doi: 10.1159/000346547
  • van Teeseling, M.C.F., de Almeida, N.M., Klingl, A., Speth, D.R., Op den Camp, H.J.M., Rachel, R., Jetten, M.S.M. ve van Niftrik, L. (2014) A new addition to the cell plan of anammox bacteria: ‘’Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’’ has a protein surface layer (Slayer) as outermost layer of the cell, Journal of Bacteriology, 196(1), 80-89. doi: 10.1128/JB.00988-13
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Toplam 107 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tuğba Sarı 0000-0001-6347-1238

Bülent Mertoğlu 0000-0001-6827-3791

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Aralık 2018
Kabul Tarihi 17 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarı, T., & Mertoğlu, B. (2019). ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX). Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 523-548. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.502482
AMA Sarı T, Mertoğlu B. ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX). UUJFE. Aralık 2019;24(3):523-548. doi:10.17482/uumfd.502482
Chicago Sarı, Tuğba, ve Bülent Mertoğlu. “ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX)”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 24, sy. 3 (Aralık 2019): 523-48. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.502482.
EndNote Sarı T, Mertoğlu B (01 Aralık 2019) ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX). Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 24 3 523–548.
IEEE T. Sarı ve B. Mertoğlu, “ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX)”, UUJFE, c. 24, sy. 3, ss. 523–548, 2019, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.502482.
ISNAD Sarı, Tuğba - Mertoğlu, Bülent. “ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX)”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 24/3 (Aralık 2019), 523-548. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.502482.
JAMA Sarı T, Mertoğlu B. ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX). UUJFE. 2019;24:523–548.
MLA Sarı, Tuğba ve Bülent Mertoğlu. “ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX)”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 3, 2019, ss. 523-48, doi:10.17482/uumfd.502482.
Vancouver Sarı T, Mertoğlu B. ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX). UUJFE. 2019;24(3):523-48.

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