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IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 991 - 1002, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1053184

Öz

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the precautions taken in the early period of the pandemic have had a significant impact on the reduction of air pollutants. In this research, the changes in the concentrations of some air pollutants (PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3) concentrations have been investigated and evaluated between March 15 - May 31, 2019 and March 15 - May 31, 2020 in Turkey. According to the results, PM10, NO2 and SO2 concentrations decreased by up to 75%, 80% and 77% respectively. However, there has been an increase in CO and O3 concentrations in many cities. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there is a strong relevance between NO2 - CO and O3 - CO concentrations in the lockdown period. In addition, with the precautions, the positive correlation between PM10 and NO2 and between SO2 and CO increased, and the negative correlation between PM10 and O3 decreased.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Balamadeswaran, P., Karthik, J., Ramakrishnan, R., & Bharath, K. M. (2021) Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on tropospheric NO2 pollution assessed using Satellite-ground perspectives observations in India. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40808-021-01172-X
  • 2. Barua, S., & Nath, S. D. (2021) The impact of COVID-19 on air pollution: Evidence from global data. Journal of Cleaner Production, 298, 126755. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.126755
  • 3. Blumberg, S. (2020) Data Shows 30 Percent Drop In Air Pollution Over Northeast U.S. NASA.
  • 4. Chen, R., Huang, W., Wong, C. M., Wang, Z., Quoc Thach, T., Chen, B., & Kan, H. (2012) Short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and daily mortality in 17 Chinese cities: The China air pollution and health effects study (CAPES). Environmental Research, 118, 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.003
  • 5. CMC (2020), https://sim.csb.gov.tr/, Access date: 20.05.2020, Subject: National Air Quality Monitoring Network.
  • 6. EEA (2021), https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-quality-and-covid19, Access date: 31.05.2020, Subject: Air quality and COVID-19.
  • 7. ESA (2021a), https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2020/03/Coronavirus_nitrogen_dioxide_emissions_drop_over_Italy, Access date: 06.06.2020, Subject: Coronavirus: Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Drop over Italy..
  • 8. ESA (2021b), https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/04/Nitrogen_dioxide_concentrations_over_India, Access date: 16.06.2020, Subject: Nitrogen dioxide concentrations over India.
  • 9. Google (2020), https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/, Access date: 21.06.2020, Subject: COVID-19 Community Mobility Report.
  • 10. Google Earth Engine (2021), https://code.earthengine.google.com/, Access date: 12.09.2020, Subject: NO2 Concentrations of Turkey.
  • 11. Hashim, B. M., Al-Naseri, S. K., Al-Maliki, A., & Al-Ansari, N. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and assessing air quality changes in Baghdad, Iraq. Science of the Total Environment, 754, 141978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141978
  • 12. IQAir (2019), https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-cities/world-air-quality-report-2019-en.pdf, Access date: 25.06.2020, Subject: COVID-19 Air Quality Report.
  • 13. Islam, M. S., Tusher, T. R., Roy, S., & Rahman, M. (2021). Impacts of nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 outbreak on air quality in Bangladesh: a spatiotemporal analysis. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 14(3), 351–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00940-5
  • 14. Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., & Lu, J. (2020). Exploring the relationship between air pollution and meteorological conditions in china under environmental governance. Nature, 10, 14518. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71338-7
  • 15. Muhammad, S., Long, X., & Salman, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disguise? Science of the Total Environment, 728, 138820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138820
  • 16. Nakada, L. Y. K., & Urban, R. C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in São Paulo state, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment, 730, 139087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139087
  • 17. Nuvolone, D., Petri, D., & Voller, F. (2018). The effects of ozone on human health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(9), 8074–8088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9239-3
  • 18. Ray, R. L., Singh, V. P., Singh, S. K., Acharya, B. S., & He, Y. (2022). What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global carbon emissions? Science of The Total Environment, 816, 151503. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.151503
  • 19. Seinfeld, J. H., & Pandis, S. N. (2016). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change - John H. Seinfeld, Spyros N. Pandis - 3rd Editio, Wiley.
  • 20. Shrestha, A. M., Shrestha, U. B., Sharma, R., Bhattarai, S., Tran, H. N. T., & Rupakheti, M. (2020). Lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic reduces air pollution in cities worldwide. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.31223/OSF.IO/EDT4J
  • 21. Tian, X., An, C., Chen, Z., & Tian, Z. (2021). Assessing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urban transportation and air quality in Canada. Science of the Total Environment, 765, 144270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144270
  • 22. TUIK (2019), https://www.tmmob.org.tr/sites/default/files/2019.pdf, Access date: 02.09.2020, Subject: Air Quality Monitoring Report.
  • 23. TUIK (2020), https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20210614-19062485.pdf, Access date: 02.09.2020, Subject: Air Quality Monitoring Report.
  • 24. Wang, P., Chen, K., Zhu, S., Wang, P., & Zhang, H. (2020). Severe air pollution events not avoided by reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 outbreak. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 158, 104814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104814
  • 25. Weather Spark. (2022), https://weatherspark.com/, Access date: 26.06.2020, Subject: The Weather Year Round Anywhere on Earth.
  • 26. WHO (2000), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/107335, Access date: 17.06.2020, Subject: Air Quality Guidelines.
  • 27. WHO (2006), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69477, Access date: 12.06.2020, Subject: Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
  • 28. WHO (2019), https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-thailand-stateless/2020/02/91ab34b8-2019-world-air-report.pdf, Access date: 03.09.2020, Subject: Air pollution.
  • 29. WHO (2022), https://covid19.who.int/, Access date: 03.06.2022, Subject: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard.
  • 30. Zhang, X., Tang, M., Guo, F., Wei, F., Yu, Z., Gao, K., Jin, M., Wang, J., & Chen, K. (2021). Associations between air pollution and COVID-19 epidemic during quarantine period in China. Environmental Pollution, 268, 115897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115897

Covid-19 Kapanma Önlemlerinin Türkiye’deki Hava Kirleticilerine Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 991 - 1002, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1053184

Öz

COVID-19 nedeniyle pandeminin erken döneminde alınan önlemler, hava kirleticilerinin azaltılmasında önemli bir etki yaratmıştır. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye'de 15 Mart-31 Mayıs 2019 ve 15 Mart31 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında bazı hava kirletici (PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3) konsantrasyonlarındaki değişimler araştırılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre PM10, NO2 ve SO2 konsantrasyonları sırasıyla
%75, %80 ve %77'ye kadar düşmüştür. Ancak birçok şehirde CO ve O3 konsantrasyonlarında artış tespit edilmiştir. Pearson korelasyon analizi, kapanma döneminde NO2-CO ve O3-CO konsantrasyonları arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca alınan önlemlerle PM10 ile NO2 ve SO2 ile CO arasındaki pozitif korelasyon artmış, PM10 ile O3 arasındaki negatif korelasyon azalmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • 1. Balamadeswaran, P., Karthik, J., Ramakrishnan, R., & Bharath, K. M. (2021) Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on tropospheric NO2 pollution assessed using Satellite-ground perspectives observations in India. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40808-021-01172-X
  • 2. Barua, S., & Nath, S. D. (2021) The impact of COVID-19 on air pollution: Evidence from global data. Journal of Cleaner Production, 298, 126755. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.126755
  • 3. Blumberg, S. (2020) Data Shows 30 Percent Drop In Air Pollution Over Northeast U.S. NASA.
  • 4. Chen, R., Huang, W., Wong, C. M., Wang, Z., Quoc Thach, T., Chen, B., & Kan, H. (2012) Short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and daily mortality in 17 Chinese cities: The China air pollution and health effects study (CAPES). Environmental Research, 118, 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.003
  • 5. CMC (2020), https://sim.csb.gov.tr/, Access date: 20.05.2020, Subject: National Air Quality Monitoring Network.
  • 6. EEA (2021), https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-quality-and-covid19, Access date: 31.05.2020, Subject: Air quality and COVID-19.
  • 7. ESA (2021a), https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2020/03/Coronavirus_nitrogen_dioxide_emissions_drop_over_Italy, Access date: 06.06.2020, Subject: Coronavirus: Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Drop over Italy..
  • 8. ESA (2021b), https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/04/Nitrogen_dioxide_concentrations_over_India, Access date: 16.06.2020, Subject: Nitrogen dioxide concentrations over India.
  • 9. Google (2020), https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/, Access date: 21.06.2020, Subject: COVID-19 Community Mobility Report.
  • 10. Google Earth Engine (2021), https://code.earthengine.google.com/, Access date: 12.09.2020, Subject: NO2 Concentrations of Turkey.
  • 11. Hashim, B. M., Al-Naseri, S. K., Al-Maliki, A., & Al-Ansari, N. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and assessing air quality changes in Baghdad, Iraq. Science of the Total Environment, 754, 141978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141978
  • 12. IQAir (2019), https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-cities/world-air-quality-report-2019-en.pdf, Access date: 25.06.2020, Subject: COVID-19 Air Quality Report.
  • 13. Islam, M. S., Tusher, T. R., Roy, S., & Rahman, M. (2021). Impacts of nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 outbreak on air quality in Bangladesh: a spatiotemporal analysis. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 14(3), 351–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00940-5
  • 14. Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., & Lu, J. (2020). Exploring the relationship between air pollution and meteorological conditions in china under environmental governance. Nature, 10, 14518. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71338-7
  • 15. Muhammad, S., Long, X., & Salman, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disguise? Science of the Total Environment, 728, 138820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138820
  • 16. Nakada, L. Y. K., & Urban, R. C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in São Paulo state, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment, 730, 139087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139087
  • 17. Nuvolone, D., Petri, D., & Voller, F. (2018). The effects of ozone on human health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(9), 8074–8088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9239-3
  • 18. Ray, R. L., Singh, V. P., Singh, S. K., Acharya, B. S., & He, Y. (2022). What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global carbon emissions? Science of The Total Environment, 816, 151503. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.151503
  • 19. Seinfeld, J. H., & Pandis, S. N. (2016). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change - John H. Seinfeld, Spyros N. Pandis - 3rd Editio, Wiley.
  • 20. Shrestha, A. M., Shrestha, U. B., Sharma, R., Bhattarai, S., Tran, H. N. T., & Rupakheti, M. (2020). Lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic reduces air pollution in cities worldwide. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.31223/OSF.IO/EDT4J
  • 21. Tian, X., An, C., Chen, Z., & Tian, Z. (2021). Assessing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urban transportation and air quality in Canada. Science of the Total Environment, 765, 144270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144270
  • 22. TUIK (2019), https://www.tmmob.org.tr/sites/default/files/2019.pdf, Access date: 02.09.2020, Subject: Air Quality Monitoring Report.
  • 23. TUIK (2020), https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20210614-19062485.pdf, Access date: 02.09.2020, Subject: Air Quality Monitoring Report.
  • 24. Wang, P., Chen, K., Zhu, S., Wang, P., & Zhang, H. (2020). Severe air pollution events not avoided by reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 outbreak. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 158, 104814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104814
  • 25. Weather Spark. (2022), https://weatherspark.com/, Access date: 26.06.2020, Subject: The Weather Year Round Anywhere on Earth.
  • 26. WHO (2000), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/107335, Access date: 17.06.2020, Subject: Air Quality Guidelines.
  • 27. WHO (2006), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69477, Access date: 12.06.2020, Subject: Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
  • 28. WHO (2019), https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-thailand-stateless/2020/02/91ab34b8-2019-world-air-report.pdf, Access date: 03.09.2020, Subject: Air pollution.
  • 29. WHO (2022), https://covid19.who.int/, Access date: 03.06.2022, Subject: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard.
  • 30. Zhang, X., Tang, M., Guo, F., Wei, F., Yu, Z., Gao, K., Jin, M., Wang, J., & Chen, K. (2021). Associations between air pollution and COVID-19 epidemic during quarantine period in China. Environmental Pollution, 268, 115897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115897
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Sevgi Güneş Durak 0000-0003-4273-7417

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 9 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ocak 2022
Kabul Tarihi 29 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Güneş Durak, S. (2022). IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(3), 991-1002. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1053184
AMA Güneş Durak S. IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY. UUJFE. Aralık 2022;27(3):991-1002. doi:10.17482/uumfd.1053184
Chicago Güneş Durak, Sevgi. “IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 27, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 991-1002. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1053184.
EndNote Güneş Durak S (01 Aralık 2022) IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 27 3 991–1002.
IEEE S. Güneş Durak, “IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY”, UUJFE, c. 27, sy. 3, ss. 991–1002, 2022, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.1053184.
ISNAD Güneş Durak, Sevgi. “IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 27/3 (Aralık 2022), 991-1002. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1053184.
JAMA Güneş Durak S. IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY. UUJFE. 2022;27:991–1002.
MLA Güneş Durak, Sevgi. “IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 991-1002, doi:10.17482/uumfd.1053184.
Vancouver Güneş Durak S. IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PRECAUTIONS ON AIR POLLUTANTS IN TURKEY. UUJFE. 2022;27(3):991-1002.

DUYURU:

30.03.2021- Nisan 2021 (26/1) sayımızdan itibaren TR-Dizin yeni kuralları gereği, dergimizde basılacak makalelerde, ilk gönderim aşamasında Telif Hakkı Formu yanısıra, Çıkar Çatışması Bildirim Formu ve Yazar Katkısı Bildirim Formu da tüm yazarlarca imzalanarak gönderilmelidir. Yayınlanacak makalelerde de makale metni içinde "Çıkar Çatışması" ve "Yazar Katkısı" bölümleri yer alacaktır. İlk gönderim aşamasında doldurulması gereken yeni formlara "Yazım Kuralları" ve "Makale Gönderim Süreci" sayfalarımızdan ulaşılabilir. (Değerlendirme süreci bu tarihten önce tamamlanıp basımı bekleyen makalelerin yanısıra değerlendirme süreci devam eden makaleler için, yazarlar tarafından ilgili formlar doldurularak sisteme yüklenmelidir).  Makale şablonları da, bu değişiklik doğrultusunda güncellenmiştir. Tüm yazarlarımıza önemle duyurulur.

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