Multiple Sclerosis and Cholesterol Metabolism

Öz

Adult lipid metabolism consists of plasma lipids. Triglycerides are the most important sources of energy reserves, while phospholipids and cholesterol are key components of organelles and cell membranes. Lipids, especially cholesterol, are involved in many cellular functions. Various neurodegenerative cellular processes can develop in metabolism disorders. Neurons have significantly different lipid composition compared to other biological membranes. These differences and the role of these lipids in neuronal pathologies are still poorly understood. Studies on lipid molecules in MS date back four decades. Studies on apolipoprotein alterations, plasma lipoproteins and oxysterols have attracted attention. It is thought that impaired cholesterol metabolism may play a role in both the inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of the disease and its correction may favorably affect the progression steps in the clinical course of MS, which is still the most limited point for treatment. In this review, the immunopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis and alterations in cholesterol metabolism are presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lipid Metabolism
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Immunpathogenesis
• neurodegeneration

Multipl Skleroz ve Kolesterol Metabolizması

Öz

Yetişkin lipid metabolizması plazma lipidlerinden oluşur. Trigliseridler enerji rezervlerinin en önemli kaynağı iken fosfolipidler ve kolesterol organellerin ve hücre zarlarının bileşenleridir. Lipidler, özellikle de kolesterol, birçok hücresel fonksiyonda rol oynar. Metabolizma bozukluklarında çeşitli nörodejeneratif hücresel süreçler gelişebilir. Nöronlar, diğer biyolojik membranlara kıyasla önemli ölçüde farklı lipid bileşimine sahiptir. Bu farklılıklar ve bu lipidlerin nöronal patolojilerdeki rolü hala tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Multipl Skleroz'da lipid molekülleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar kırk yıl öncesine dayanmaktadır. Apolipoprotein değişiklikleri, plazma lipoproteinleri ve oksisteroller üzerine yapılan çalışmalar dikkat çekmiştir. Bozulmuş kolesterol metabolizmasının hastalığın hem inflamatuar hem de nörodejeneratif patogenezinde rol oynayabileceği ve düzeltilmesinin tedavi için hala en kısıtlı nokta olan Multipl Skleroz'un klinik seyrindeki ilerleme basamaklarını olumlu yönde etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, Multipl Skleroz'un immünopatogenezi ve klinik belirtileri ile kolesterol metabolizmasındaki değişiklikler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lipit Metabolizması
• Multipl Skleroz
• İmmunpatogenez
• Nörodejenerasyon

Kaynakça

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