Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Reliability and Agreement of Four Patellar Height Measurement Methods in Knee Radiographs

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 1, 111 - 118, 27.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1634452

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the reliability and agreement of four commonly used methods for patellar height measurement: Insall-Salvati (IS), Modified Insall-Salvati (mIS), Caton-Deschamps (CD), and Blackburne-Peel (BP) indices, using standardized lateral knee radiographs. This prospective study included seventy adult patients with standardized lateral knee radiographs. Radiographs met strict criteria for true-lateral views and appropriate knee flexion angles. Three observers independently measured patellar height using the four methods, each performing two rounds of measurements at a 15-day interval. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were calculated for intra-observer and interobserver reliability. Pairwise agreements between methods were analyzed using Cohen’s kappa with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Correlation coefficients (Pearson’s r) were computed to assess the relationships between the methods. The BP method exhibited the highest inter-observer reliability (ICC = 0.848, 95% CI: 0.754–0.910) and intra-observer reliability (average ICC = 0.908, 95% CI: 0.829–0.986). This was followed closely by the CD method, while the IS and mIS methods demonstrated moderate reliability. Correlation analysis revealed strong relationships between the BP and CD methods (r = 0.871, p < 0.01) but weaker correlations between IS and the other methods. Despite high correlation coefficients, agreement in classification was poor, particularly between IS and BP (κ = -0.131) and IS and mIS (κ = -0.047).The Blackburne-Peel method is the most reliable and reproducible for patellar height measurement under standardized conditions, making it a robust tool for clinical and research applications. However, the methods were not interchangeable, emphasizing the need for consistent imaging protocols and method selection tailored to clinical objectives.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Meissburger V, Rougereau G, Langlais T, Boisrenoult P, Pujol N. The severity of patellar and trochlear dysplasia are correlated. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022;30:3438–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-022-06945-0.
  • 2. Hunter CDR, Khalil AZ, Rosenthal RM, Metz AK, Featherall J, Ernat JJ, Aoki SK. Common radiographic indices used to measure patellar height do not consistently identify patella alta and lack interchangeability between measurements. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024;32:1961–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12210.
  • 3. van Duijvenbode D, Stavenuiter M, Burger B, van Dijke C, Spermon J, Hoozemans M. The reliability of four widely used patellar height ratios. Int Orthop 2015;40:493–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-015-2908-2.
  • 4. Bonett DG. Sample size requirements for estimating intraclass correlations with desired precision. Stat Med 2002;21:1331–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1108.
  • 5. Insall J, Salvati E. Patella position in the normal knee joint. Radiology 1971;101:101–4. https://doi.org/10.1148/101.1.101.
  • 6. Grelsamer RP, Meadows S. The modified Insall-Salvati ratio for assessment of patellar height. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992:170–6.
  • 7. Caton J. [Method of measuring the height of the patella]. Acta Orthop Belg 1989;55:385–6.
  • 8. Blackburne JS, Peel TE. A new method of measuring patellar height. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1977;59:241–2. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.59B2.873986.
  • 9. Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med 2016;15:155–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012.
  • 10. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:159–74.
  • 11. Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesth Analg 2018;126:1763–8. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864.
  • 12. Huddleston HP, Redondo ML, Cregar WM, Christian DR, Hannon CP, Yanke AB. The Effect of Aberrant Rotation on Radiographic Patellar Height Measurement Using Canton-Deschamps Index: A Cadaveric Analysis. J Knee Surg 2021;36:254–60. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731720.
  • 13. Becher C, Fleischer B, Rase M, Schumacher T, Ettinger M, Ostermeier S, Smith T. Effects of upright weight bearing and the knee flexion angle on patellofemoral indices using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with patellofemoral instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015;25:2405–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3829-8.
  • 14. Berg EE, Mason SL, Lucas MJ. Patellar height ratios. A comparison of four measurement methods. Am J Sports Med 1996;24:218–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659602400218.
  • 15. Seil R, Müller B, Georg T, Kohn D, Rupp S. Reliability and interobserver variability in radiological patellar height ratios. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2000;8:231–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001670000121.
  • 16. Park MS, Chung CY, Lee KM, Lee SH, Choi IH. Which is the best method to determine the patellar height in children and adolescents? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009;468:1344–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-0995-3.
  • 17. Verhulst F V, van Sambeeck JDP, Olthuis GS, van der Ree J, Koëter S. Patellar height measurements: Insall-Salvati ratio is most reliable method. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019;28:869–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-019-05531-1.
  • 18. Picken S, Summers H, Al-Dadah O. Inter- and intra-observer reliability of patellar height measurements in patients with and without patellar instability on plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal Radiol 2021;51:1201–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-021-03937-y.
  • 19. Kwak YH, Park S-S, Huser AJ, Kim K, Koh Y-G, Nam J-H, Kang K-T. Reliability and modality analysis of patellar height measurement in pediatric knee. Front Pediatr 2024;12:1323015. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1323015.
  • 20. Mustamsir E, Isnansyah Y, Phatama KY. Patellar height measurement in Indonesian normal adult population. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022;82:104411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104411.
  • 21. Guler S, Sezgin EA. Comparison of five patellar height measurement methods in a Turkish adult cohort. Ann Med Res 2020;27:1549–53.

Diz Radyografilerinde Dört Farklı Patella Yüksekliği Ölçüm Yönteminin Güvenilirliği ve Uyum Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 1, 111 - 118, 27.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1634452

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı standardize lateral diz radyografileri kullanılarak patellar yükseklik ölçümü için yaygın olarak kullanılan dört yöntemin güvenilirliğini ve uyumunu değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmaktır: Insall-Salvati (IS), Modifiye Insall-Salvati (mIS), Caton-Deschamps (CD) ve Blackburne-Peel (BP) indeksleri.Bu prospektif çalışmaya standardize lateral diz radyografileri olan yetmiş erişkin hasta dahil edildi. Radyografiler gerçek lateral görünümler ve uygun diz fleksiyon açıları için katı kriterleri karşıladı. Üç gözlemci bağımsız olarak dört yöntemi kullanarak patellar yüksekliği ölçtü ve her biri 15 gün arayla iki tur ölçüm yaptı. Gözlemci içi ve gözlemciler arası güvenilirlik için Sınıf İçi Korelasyon Katsayıları (ICC) hesaplanmıştır. Yöntemler arasındaki ikili anlaşmalar, %95 güven aralıkları (CI) ile Cohen'in kappa'sı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yöntemler arasındaki ilişkileri değerlendirmek için korelasyon katsayıları (Pearson's r) hesaplanmıştır.BP yöntemi en yüksek gözlemciler arası güvenilirliği (ICC = 0.848, %95 CI: 0.754-0.910) ve gözlemci içi güvenilirliği (ortalama ICC = 0.908, %95 CI: 0.829-0.986) sergilemiştir. CD yöntemi bunu yakından takip ederken, IS ve mIS yöntemleri orta düzeyde güvenilirlik göstermiştir. Korelasyon analizi, BP ve CD yöntemleri arasında güçlü ilişkiler (r = 0.871, p < 0.01) ancak IS ile diğer yöntemler arasında daha zayıf korelasyonlar ortaya koymuştur. Yüksek korelasyon katsayılarına rağmen, özellikle IS ile BP (κ = -0.131) ve IS ile mIS (κ = -0.047) arasında sınıflandırma uyumu zayıftı.Blackburne-Peel yöntemi, standart koşullar altında patellar yükseklik ölçümü için en güvenilir ve tekrarlanabilir yöntemdir, bu da onu klinik ve araştırma uygulamaları için sağlam bir araç haline getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, yöntemler birbirinin yerine kullanılamaz, bu da tutarlı görüntüleme protokollerine ve klinik hedeflere göre uyarlanmış yöntem seçimine olan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Meissburger V, Rougereau G, Langlais T, Boisrenoult P, Pujol N. The severity of patellar and trochlear dysplasia are correlated. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022;30:3438–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-022-06945-0.
  • 2. Hunter CDR, Khalil AZ, Rosenthal RM, Metz AK, Featherall J, Ernat JJ, Aoki SK. Common radiographic indices used to measure patellar height do not consistently identify patella alta and lack interchangeability between measurements. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024;32:1961–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12210.
  • 3. van Duijvenbode D, Stavenuiter M, Burger B, van Dijke C, Spermon J, Hoozemans M. The reliability of four widely used patellar height ratios. Int Orthop 2015;40:493–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-015-2908-2.
  • 4. Bonett DG. Sample size requirements for estimating intraclass correlations with desired precision. Stat Med 2002;21:1331–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1108.
  • 5. Insall J, Salvati E. Patella position in the normal knee joint. Radiology 1971;101:101–4. https://doi.org/10.1148/101.1.101.
  • 6. Grelsamer RP, Meadows S. The modified Insall-Salvati ratio for assessment of patellar height. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992:170–6.
  • 7. Caton J. [Method of measuring the height of the patella]. Acta Orthop Belg 1989;55:385–6.
  • 8. Blackburne JS, Peel TE. A new method of measuring patellar height. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1977;59:241–2. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.59B2.873986.
  • 9. Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med 2016;15:155–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012.
  • 10. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:159–74.
  • 11. Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesth Analg 2018;126:1763–8. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864.
  • 12. Huddleston HP, Redondo ML, Cregar WM, Christian DR, Hannon CP, Yanke AB. The Effect of Aberrant Rotation on Radiographic Patellar Height Measurement Using Canton-Deschamps Index: A Cadaveric Analysis. J Knee Surg 2021;36:254–60. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731720.
  • 13. Becher C, Fleischer B, Rase M, Schumacher T, Ettinger M, Ostermeier S, Smith T. Effects of upright weight bearing and the knee flexion angle on patellofemoral indices using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with patellofemoral instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015;25:2405–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3829-8.
  • 14. Berg EE, Mason SL, Lucas MJ. Patellar height ratios. A comparison of four measurement methods. Am J Sports Med 1996;24:218–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659602400218.
  • 15. Seil R, Müller B, Georg T, Kohn D, Rupp S. Reliability and interobserver variability in radiological patellar height ratios. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2000;8:231–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001670000121.
  • 16. Park MS, Chung CY, Lee KM, Lee SH, Choi IH. Which is the best method to determine the patellar height in children and adolescents? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009;468:1344–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-0995-3.
  • 17. Verhulst F V, van Sambeeck JDP, Olthuis GS, van der Ree J, Koëter S. Patellar height measurements: Insall-Salvati ratio is most reliable method. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019;28:869–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-019-05531-1.
  • 18. Picken S, Summers H, Al-Dadah O. Inter- and intra-observer reliability of patellar height measurements in patients with and without patellar instability on plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal Radiol 2021;51:1201–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-021-03937-y.
  • 19. Kwak YH, Park S-S, Huser AJ, Kim K, Koh Y-G, Nam J-H, Kang K-T. Reliability and modality analysis of patellar height measurement in pediatric knee. Front Pediatr 2024;12:1323015. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1323015.
  • 20. Mustamsir E, Isnansyah Y, Phatama KY. Patellar height measurement in Indonesian normal adult population. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022;82:104411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104411.
  • 21. Guler S, Sezgin EA. Comparison of five patellar height measurement methods in a Turkish adult cohort. Ann Med Res 2020;27:1549–53.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ortopedi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Barış Ertan 0000-0002-3783-7109

Volkan Büyükarslan 0009-0005-3926-3419

Murat Yüncü 0000-0001-8567-6509

Emre Mücahit Kartal 0000-0002-8353-1995

Koray Kaya Kılıç 0000-0002-2750-8205

Özkan Köse 0000-0002-7679-9635

Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 29 Nisan 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 51 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Ertan MB, Büyükarslan V, Yüncü M, Kartal EM, Kılıç KK, Köse Ö. Reliability and Agreement of Four Patellar Height Measurement Methods in Knee Radiographs. Uludağ Tıp Derg. Mayıs 2025;51(1):111-118. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1634452

ISSN: 1300-414X, e-ISSN: 2645-9027

Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License" ile lisanslanmaktadır.


Creative Commons License
Journal of Uludag University Medical Faculty is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

2023