Hipertansiyon Hakkındaki Eğitim Düzeyinin Kan Basıncı Kontrolü ve Tedaviye Uyum Üzerine Etkisi: Kesitsel Analitik Çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışmada, esansiyel hipertansiyon tanısı ile izlenen bireylerde hipertansiyon hakkındaki bilgi düzeyinin kan basıncı kontrolü ve tedaviye uyum üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel ve analitik tasarımda planlanan çalışmaya, 18–80 yaş aralığında, en az 6 aydır hipertansiyon tanısı bulunan ve en az bir antihipertansif ilaç kullanan toplam 200 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hipertansiyon bilgi düzeyi, Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliği yapılmış Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) ile değerlendirilmiş; kan basıncı ölçümleri standart protokole uygun olarak gerçekleştirilerek hastalar kontrollü ve kontrolsüz hipertansiyon şeklinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Tedaviye uyum yapılandırılmış anket formu ile sorgulanmış; istatistiksel analizlerde korelasyon, çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon, quartile ve ROC analizleri kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 59,8±11,6 yıl olup hastaların %47’sinde kan basıncı kontrol altında bulunmuştur. Ortalama HK-LS skoru 14,3±4,2 olarak saptanmış ve kontrollü hipertansiyon grubunda anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). HK-LS skoru ile sistolik (r=-0,32, p<0,001) ve diyastolik (r=-0,24, p=0,002) kan basıncı arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı korelasyon belirlenmiştir. Quartile analizinde bilgi düzeyi arttıkça kan basıncı kontrol oranlarının kademeli olarak arttığı görülmüştür (p for trend <0,001). ROC analizinde HK-LS için belirlenen ≥15 puan cut-off değerinin kan basıncı kontrolünü öngörmede iyi ayırt edici güce sahip olduğu (AUC=0,76) saptanmıştır. Çok değişkenli analizde hipertansiyon bilgi düzeyi, tedaviye uyum ve evde kan basıncı ölçüm alışkanlığı bağımsız belirleyiciler olarak bulunmuştur. Bulgular, hipertansiyon yönetiminde hasta eğitiminin ve sağlık okuryazarlığının artırılmasının klinik sonuçları iyileştirebileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hipertansiyon
• bilgi düzeyi
• kan basıncı kontrolü
• tedaviye uyum
• HK-LS

The Impact of Hypertension Knowledge Level on Blood Pressure Control and Treatment Adherence: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypertension-related knowledge level on blood pressure control and treatment adherence in individuals followed with a diagnosis of essential hypertension. In this cross-sectional analytical study, 200 patients aged 18–80 years who had been diagnosed with hypertension for at least 6 months and were receiving at least one antihypertensive medication were included. Hypertension knowledge level was assessed using the validated Turkish version of the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS). Blood pressure measurements were performed according to standardized protocols, and patients were classified as having controlled or uncontrolled hypertension. Treatment adherence was evaluated using a structured medication adherence questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 59.8±11.6 years, and blood pressure was controlled in 47% of patients. The mean HK-LS score was 14.3±4.2 and was significantly higher in the controlled hypertension group (p<0.001). HK-LS scores showed a significant negative correlation with systolic (r=-0.32, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.24, p=0.002). Quartile analysis demonstrated a stepwise increase in blood pressure control rates with increasing knowledge levels (p for trend <0.001). ROC analysis identified an HK-LS cut-off value of ≥15 points with good discriminative ability for predicting blood pressure control (AUC=0.76). In multivariate analysis, hypertension knowledge level, medication adherence, and home blood pressure monitoring were independent predictors of blood pressure control. These findings indicate that higher hypertension knowledge is significantly and independently associated with better blood pressure control, suggesting that improving patient education and health literacy may enhance clinical outcomes. Prospective interventional studies are needed to clarify causality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hypertension
• knowledge level
• blood pressure control
• treatment adherence
• HK-LS

Kaynakça

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